Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of Physical Education 2007

Education Through the Physical • 20 th Century developmental model • • Model consistent with Progressive Education Theory Clark Hetherington known as “father of modern physical education” developed four objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. • physical development motor developmental development social development Standards were developed around the four objectives for PE curriculum © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Education Through the Physical, cont’d • Multi-activity Program approach • • Wide variety of activities used to fulfill the promise of total development Officially sanctioned in 1927 and became a “national curriculum” for PE Units or blocks approach developed by La Porte, lasting several weeks AAHPER (1971), modified Hetherington’s four objectives into five primary concepts which reflected goals of Physical Education to the public © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

NASPE’s Influence on Curriculum Standards • National Association for Sport and Physical Education (1990) developed a set of goals and standards for PE • The published outcomes became a consensus statement that defined a “physically educated person” • Established a content standard for PE programs in schools • Established teacher-friendly guidelines for assessment © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other Important Curriculum Influences • Movement Education a. k. a. Human Movement philosophy • Purpose • teach student to move effectively • become aware of meaning of movement as participant and observer • gain/apply knowledge that governs human movement © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other Important Curriculum Influences, cont’d • Health-related physical education (Fitness model) • Purpose • influence a physically active lifestyle that prevents hypokinetic diseases • Academic Integration Model (kinesiological studies blend) • Purpose • provide information and strategies for incorporating knowledge in all aspects of the classrooms © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other Important Curriculum Influences, cont’d • Social Development Model (Humanistic education) • Purpose • help young people better cope with a complex social world through a 5 -level progression system (see pp. 62 -64) • Sport Education Model (Play education) • Purpose • playful competition through 5 different sport seasons © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Other Important Curriculum Influences, cont’d • Adventure Education Approach (Adventure activities) • Purpose • education through outdoor and wilderness activities which involves some aspect of risk • Eclectic Curriculum (mixture of curriculum models) • Purpose • offer a large variety of activities to ensure a quality program © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Physical Education for Students with Disabilities • • • Roots go back to the 1920’s when students stricken from 1915 -17 polio epidemic entered public schools Needed for rehabilitation purposes Federal laws have created further growth (i. e. , 1990 American with Disabilities Act) PL 94 -142 singled out Physical Education for disabled population 3 types of programs 1. Adapted 2. Corrected 3. Developmental © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

State Requirements for Physical Education • No federal laws require Physical Education to be taught in schools • Each state has its own definition regarding PE mandate • Individual schools interpret each state’s mandate • State laws and guidelines are weak for Elementary levels compared to further grades © 2007 Mc. Graw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.