Chapter 4 3 Types of Societies l Societies

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Chapter 4. 3 Types of Societies l Societies across the world change based on

Chapter 4. 3 Types of Societies l Societies across the world change based on environment, interaction, and time.

Groups l A set of people who – interact on the basis of shared

Groups l A set of people who – interact on the basis of shared expectations who possess some degree of common identity – Largest groups we study are societies. –

Subsistence Strategies l This is how sociologists tend to classify societies l Subsistence strategies

Subsistence Strategies l This is how sociologists tend to classify societies l Subsistence strategies – The way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members.

Preindustrial Societies l Food production is the highest priority – – Carried out through

Preindustrial Societies l Food production is the highest priority – – Carried out through the use of human and animal labor Groups of preindustrial societies l l Hunting and gathering Pastoral Horticultural Agricultural

Hunting and Gathering Societies l Collect food daily by – – Hunting wild animals

Hunting and Gathering Societies l Collect food daily by – – Hunting wild animals Collecting wild fruit and vegetables l Everyone hunts and gathers l Constantly move in search of food – Usually live in temporary housing l l Huts tepees

Pastoral Societies l Rely on domesticated herd animals for food l l Sheep Cattle

Pastoral Societies l Rely on domesticated herd animals for food l l Sheep Cattle Lamb Less people needed to work for food in society – Division of labor l Some people become craftworkers, mothers, etc.

Horticultural Societies l Grow food in farms l Have high level of technology l

Horticultural Societies l Grow food in farms l Have high level of technology l Use slash and burn tactics for crops – – l Wild vegetation is burned Ash turns into compost for new farming. Large division of labor – Strictly because of surplus of food

Agricultural Societies l Animals pull plows to till fields and farms – Technology allows

Agricultural Societies l Animals pull plows to till fields and farms – Technology allows farming to make large surplus of food l l l Bartering does not take place l l Silos Tractors Plows Irrigation Use money Large division of labor

Industrial Societies l Instead of focusing on food, they focus on production of goods!

Industrial Societies l Instead of focusing on food, they focus on production of goods! – How? l l Produce goods using machines! – l Buy food from other people! Sell for much higher price. Causes urbanization – Concentration of population in urban areas

Postindustrial Societies l Economy focuses on providing information and services. – In US, 73%

Postindustrial Societies l Economy focuses on providing information and services. – In US, 73% of workforce do this. l l 2% work in agriculture 25% produce goods l Place strong emphasis on science and technology l Society is stable

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