Chapter 4 1 voice onset time VOT 0

말소리 지각의 특이 현상 Chapter 4 1. 범주적 지각 : 음소를 물리적 특성의 어떠한 경계로 범주화 시켜서 지각함 성대진동 시작 시간(voice onset time: 말이시작되고 성대가 울리기 까지 시간 VOT: 0 /ba/ VOT: 40 /pa/ 2. Mc. Gurk & Mac. Donald (1976) 말소리지각에서 시각정보를 사용함; 시각정보는 음성발화기관 의 일부 http: //www. bing. com/videos/search? q=%EB%A 7%A 5%EC%BB %A 4%ED%81%AC+%ED%9 A%A 8%EA%B 3%BC&qs=n&form= QBVR&pq=%EB%A 7%A 5%EC%BB%A 4%ED%81%AC+%ED%9 A %A 8%EA%B 3%BC&sc=0 -3&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9 E 002 F 4236 BFB 8939 C 729 E 002 F 423 6 BFB 8939 C 72

Gesture 이론 • • The hypothesis is that people perceive spoken words by identifying the vocal tract gestures with which they are pronounced rather than by identifying the sound patterns that speech generates. It originally claimed that speech perception is done through a specialized module that is innate and human-specific. Though the idea of a module has been qualified in more recent versions of theory, [5] the idea remains that the role of the speech motor system is not only to produce speech articulations but also to detect them. The hypothesis has gained more interest outside the field of speech perception than inside. This has increased particularly since the discovery of mirror neurons that link the production and perception of motor movements, including those made by the vocal tract (발췌)

Gesture 이론 Chapter 4

Randy Diehl • In accord with MT, it has been suggested that these early speech perception abilities are indicative of “finely tuned linguistically relevant perceptual abilities” (Miller&Eimas 1983, p. 135) or even an “innately given, universal set of phonetic categories” (Eimas 1991, p. 111). These proposals are analogous to the concept of a language acquisition device (LAD) offered by Chomsky (1965) for acquisition of syntax. Presumably, as with LAD, development would consist of retaining those phoneme contrasts that are used in the native language environment and discarding those that are not. • Most recent proposals on speech acquisition have tended to focus on the role of general perceptual learning rather than on innate knowledge and specialized perceptual mechanisms. It is hypothesized that infants acquire phoneme categories through the use of distributional properties of sounds in the language environment along with correlations between attributes of those sounds. This does not require specialized mechanisms, although speech may be a particularly salient signal for infants, and learning processes may be biased to pick up just the kind of information that is important for speech categories (Jusczyk 1993, 1997).

말소리 모형 Marslen-Wilson(1984) Production follows perception, and perception follows production I took the car for a --- /s/ /p/ /i/ /n/ Soap Spinach Psychologist Spin Spit Sun spank … Spinach Spin Spit Sun Spank … Spin Spit Time Spin

이중경로 모형 – speech Chapter 4