Chapter 35 Serway Jewett 6 th Ed How

How to View Light As a Ray As a Wave As a Particle

What happens to a plane wave passing through an aperture? Point Source Generates spherical

y { } E Eo cos (kx - t) Bo x B z Surface

$Index of Refraction 1 n 1 = 2 n 2$

$When material absorbs light at a particular frequency, the index of refraction can become$

$Reflection and Refraction$

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics 1. Huygens’s$

Huygens’s Principle All points on a wave front act as new sources for the

Reflection According to Huygens Incoming ray Outgoing ray Side-Side AA’C ADC 1 = 1’

$Refraction$

Show via Huygens’s Principle Snell’s Law v 1 = c in medium n 1=1

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s$

Fermat’s Principle and Reflection A light ray traveling from one fixed point to another

$Rules for Reflection and Refraction n 1 sin 1 = n 2 sin 2$

Optical Path Length (OPL) n=1 n>1 L L S P When n constant, OPL

Fermat’s Principle, Revisited A ray of light in going from point S to point

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s$

ki = (ki, x, ki, y) kr = (kr, x, kr, y) kt =

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Chapter 35 Serway & Jewett 6 th Ed.

How to View Light As a Ray As a Wave As a Particle

What happens to a plane wave passing through an aperture? Point Source Generates spherical Waves The limit of geometric (ray) optics, valid for lenses, mirrors, etc.

y { } E Eo cos (kx - t) Bo x B z Surface of constant phase For fixed t, when kx = constant

$Index of Refraction 1 n 1 = 2 n 2$

Index of Refraction 1 n 1 = 2 n 2

$When material absorbs light at a particular frequency, the index of refraction can become$

When material absorbs light at a particular frequency, the index of refraction can become smaller than 1!

$Reflection and Refraction$

Reflection and Refraction

Oct. 18, 2004

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics 1. Huygens’s$

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics 1. Huygens’s Principle 2. Fermat’s Principle 3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Huygens’s Principle

Huygens’s Principle All points on a wave front act as new sources for the production of spherical secondary waves k Fig 35 -17 a, p. 1108

Reflection According to Huygens Incoming ray Outgoing ray Side-Side AA’C ADC 1 = 1’

$Refraction$

Refraction

Fig 35 -19, p. 1109

Show via Huygens’s Principle Snell’s Law v 1 = c in medium n 1=1 and v 2 = c/n 2 in medium n 2 > 1.

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s$

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s Principle 2. Fermat’s Principle 3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

Fermat’s Principle and Reflection A light ray traveling from one fixed point to another will follow a path such that the time required is an extreme point – either a maximum or a minimum.

Fig 35 -31, p. 1115

$Rules for Reflection and Refraction n 1 sin 1 = n 2 sin 2$

Rules for Reflection and Refraction n 1 sin 1 = n 2 sin 2 Snell’s Law

Optical Path Length (OPL) n=1 n>1 L L S P When n constant, OPL = n geometric length. For n = 1. 5, OPL is 50% larger than L

Fermat’s Principle, Revisited A ray of light in going from point S to point P will travel an optical path (OPL) that minimizes the OPL. That is, it is stationary with respect to variations in the OPL.

$Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s$

Fundamental Rules for Reflection and Refraction in the limit of Ray Optics ü Huygens’s Principle 1. Fermat’s Principle 3. Electromagnetic Wave Boundary Conditions

ki = (ki, x, ki, y) kr = (kr, x, kr, y) kt = (kt, x, kt, y)

Fig 35 -22, p. 1110