Chapter 35 Comparisons of Adjectives Latin sentences in

Chapter 35

Comparisons of Adjectives Latin sentences in which a direct comparison is made may take one of two patterns: Sextus est molestior quam Marcus. Sextus est molestior Marco. Sextus is more annoying than Marcus.

In the first example, quam (than) is used with the same case on eitherside of it (i. e. molestior and Marcus are both nominative). In the second example, no word for "than" is used, and Marco is ablative.

Activity 1 - Translate the following sentences. 1. Hic servus est ignavissimus omnium. Nullum servum ignaviorem habet Cornelius. 2. Martialis Eucleide est multo prudentior.

3. Ego semper habeo multo minus pecuniae quam tu. 4. Marcus est maximus liberorum, Sextus est minimus. 5. Ad amicum epistulam longissimam mittam, ad fratrem breviorem.

Adverbs A. Adverbs may be formed from adjectives of the 1 st-2 nd declension by adding -e to the base of the adjective: Adjective strenuus, -a, -um Adverb strenue, strenuously, hard

B. Adverbs may be formed from adjectives of the 3 rd declension by adding -iter to the base of an adjective or -er to bases ending in nt: Adjective Adverb brevis, -e breviter, briefly prudens, prudentis prudenter, wisely N. B. facilis, -e facile, easily

Activity 2: Give the adverbs and their meanings that may be formed from these adjectives 1. ignavus, ignava, ignavum lazy ___________ 2. fortis, forte brave ___________ 3. __________ lentus, lenta, lentum slow ___________ 4. ____________________ neglegens, neglegentis careless ___________

5. miser, misera, miserum unhappy ___________ 6. ferox, ferociter fierce ___________ 7. __________ gravis, grave heavy, serious ___________ 8. ____________________ laetus, laeta, laetum happy ___________

9. vehemens, vehementis violent ___________ 10. iratus, irata, iratum angry ___________ 11. __________ celer, celeris, celere swift ___________ 12. ____________________ pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum pretty ___________

Comparative and Superlative 1. The neuter singular comparative adjective ending -ius is used as the comparative adverb. a. 2. lentius, more slowly, rather slowly or too slowly The superlative adjective ends in -us, -a, -um; the superlative adverb ends in -e. a. lentissime, most slowly or very slowly

positive comparative superlative laete, happily laetius laetissime feliciter, luckily felicius felicissime celeriter, quickly celerius celerrime prudenter, wisely prudentius prudentissime diu, for a long time diutius diutissime saepe, often saepius saepissime N. B.

Irregular Adverbs positive comparative superlative bene, well melius, better optime, best male, badly peius, worse pessime, worst facile, easily facilius, more easily facillime, most easily magnopere, greatly magis, more maxime, most paulum, little minus, less minime, least multum, much plus, more plurimum, most

Activity 3: Translate 1. Diutius manēre mihi non licet. Necesse est mihi celerrime ad urbem redīre. 2. Hic puer optime omnium scribit. 3. Nemo celerius quam frater meus currere potest.

4. De periculis viarum saepissime audivimus. 5. Per vias urbis lente amublāre volo. 6. Titus plurimum bibit.