Chapter 33 Restructuring the Postwar World Section 1

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Chapter 33 Restructuring the Postwar World

Chapter 33 Restructuring the Postwar World

Section 1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off n The opposing economic and political philosophies

Section 1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off n The opposing economic and political philosophies of the US and SU lead to global competition.

ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES n SU ‘s nonaggression pact with Germany n SU thought the

ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES n SU ‘s nonaggression pact with Germany n SU thought the US came into WWII too late

Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan n February 1945 n US, Britain, and SU meet

Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan n February 1945 n US, Britain, and SU meet

Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan Continued… n Agreed to… n Divide Germany into 4

Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan Continued… n Agreed to… n Divide Germany into 4 zones n Germany would pay war reparations to SU n Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan n Eastern Europeans (Poland) would have free elections

Creation of the United Nations n 50 countries joined the UN. Members protect each

Creation of the United Nations n 50 countries joined the UN. Members protect each other against aggression.

Creation of the United Nations Continued… n All 50 make up the General Assembly,

Creation of the United Nations Continued… n All 50 make up the General Assembly, there is also an 11 member Security Council. n 5 permanent members have Security Council veto power.

Differing US and Soviet Goals n USSR lost more lives than the US and

Differing US and Soviet Goals n USSR lost more lives than the US and their infrastructure was destroyed.

EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN n USSR wanting to shield itself from invasion from western

EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN n USSR wanting to shield itself from invasion from western countries. n USSR disregards the Yalta Conference and formed communist governments on its western boarder.

EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN Continued… n July 1945: Potsdam Conference is held. Truman, Stalin

EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN Continued… n July 1945: Potsdam Conference is held. Truman, Stalin and Churchill (FDR had died) n USSR was pressed to allow free elections in Poland. n Stalin refuses, says capitalism and communism cannot co-exist.

An Iron curtain divides East and West n Germany now split in two; East

An Iron curtain divides East and West n Germany now split in two; East (including Berlin) communist and West democratic.

l Churchill in a speech made in Fulton, Missouri stated that the USSR had

l Churchill in a speech made in Fulton, Missouri stated that the USSR had created an “iron curtain” between Democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

UNITED STATES TRIES TO CONTAIN SOVIETS n Through the Truman Document a policy of

UNITED STATES TRIES TO CONTAIN SOVIETS n Through the Truman Document a policy of containment was issued. n Tried to stop communist expansion. n Congress is asked to aid Turkey and Greece.

The Marshall Plan n Secretary of State George Marshall proposed aid to needed European

The Marshall Plan n Secretary of State George Marshall proposed aid to needed European countries. n $12. 5 billion issued.

The Berlin Airlift n 1948 France, Britain and the US withdraw from Germany. n

The Berlin Airlift n 1948 France, Britain and the US withdraw from Germany. n Their former occupation zones form one country. n Berlin was divided into 4 zones. n USSR cut West Berlin off from outside influence. n It faced starvation.

The Berlin Airlift Continued… n From June 1948 – May 1949 Allied planes took

The Berlin Airlift Continued… n From June 1948 – May 1949 Allied planes took off and landed every three minutes in West Berlin. n Brought in food and supplies

THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD n Definition: struggle of U. S. , USSR

THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD n Definition: struggle of U. S. , USSR using means short of war. Lasted until 1991.

Superpowers Form Rival Alliances n 1949: Because of the Berlin blockade, 10 western European

Superpowers Form Rival Alliances n 1949: Because of the Berlin blockade, 10 western European nations, the US and Canada formed NATO. n NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance. n An attack on any NATO member would be considered an attack on all members.

Superpowers Form Rival Alliances Continued… n 1955: USSR responds by forming the Warsaw Pact.

Superpowers Form Rival Alliances Continued… n 1955: USSR responds by forming the Warsaw Pact. n 1961: Soviets build Berlin Wall to separate East and West Berlin.

The Threat of Nuclear War n US has atomic bombs n 1949 n USSR

The Threat of Nuclear War n US has atomic bombs n 1949 n USSR exploded its own atomic weapon. n 1950 n Truman issues work on a thermonuclear weapon: the H-bomb

The Threat of Nuclear War Continued… n 1953 n Eisenhower is president. n John

The Threat of Nuclear War Continued… n 1953 n Eisenhower is president. n John Foster Dulles was secretary of State. He issued a policy known as brinkmanship. n Definition n Willingness to go to the edge of war.

The Cold War in the Skies n 1957 n USSR creates a ICBM (intercontinental

The Cold War in the Skies n 1957 n USSR creates a ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) n Sputnik was launched. First unmanned satellite. n 1958 n US sends its first missile. n 1960 n US wants to be able to fly over USSR.

The Cold War in the Skies Continued. . n USSR says no n Hits

The Cold War in the Skies Continued. . n USSR says no n Hits a US spy plane (U-2) over 15 miles high in the sky. n US feels a need to catch up to, or surpass the Soviets. n 1961 USSR: first man in space. n 1969 US first man on the moon. U-2 In Flight Khruhchev displays wreckage of the U-2 spy plane shot down over the USSR.

Name of Conference, Who the people are, Main thing discussed

Name of Conference, Who the people are, Main thing discussed

Ø This term was coined in Fulton Missouri by this person. Ø Aid to

Ø This term was coined in Fulton Missouri by this person. Ø Aid to European Countries fell under this _____ plan. Ø What did the allies form because of the Berlin blockade and what was USSR’s response? Ø John Foster Dullas coined the term_____ and it means what? Ø Truman made this and it helped these countries.