Chapter 31 Subjunctive English 1 Indicative what is

Chapter 31 Subjunctive

English 1. Indicative: what is • Statements, questions (portrayal: lies) 2. Subjunctive: possibility (probability) • “I will learn Hebrew. ” “I might learn Hebrew. ” • “If I were rich, I would hire a Greek tutor. ” • Unfulfilled, therefore normally future

Greek Similar, except for aspect (no time) • Present and aorist (no future) Formation • Lengthen connecting vowel • Primary endings in both present & aorist Translation: “may” or “might”

Aspect Imperfective • Present tense stem • Continuous (difficult to translate; “contiunually”) Perfective • Aorist tense stem • Undefined

Imperfective (Present) Subjunctive Present tense stem + Lengthened connecting vowel (ω/η) + Primary personal endings λύωμεν, λυώμεθα

Perfective (Aorist) Subjunctive Unaugmented aorist tense stem + (Tense formative) + Lengthened connecting vowel (ω/η) + Primary personal endings λύσωμεν, λάβωμεν

Four Uses of the Subjunctive “May” or “might” not only ways

2. ἐάν (third class conditional) Structure of a conditional statement • “If this is true, then. . . ” • Protasis, apodosis ἐάν + subj • Future more probable • Present general

3. Hortatory Subjunctive προσευχώμεθα.

Negation οὐ μή + aorist subjunctive

Clues 1. ἵνα, ἐάν, or ἄν • ὅταν, ἐάν, ὃς ἄν, ὅπου ἄν, ἕως ἄν 2. Lengthened connecting vowel (ω/η) 3. Outside the indicative • No augment in the aorist. • μή

Parsing πληρωθῇ • Third singular • Aorist passive subjunctive • πληρόω • “It might be fulfilled”

Master Nonindicative Verb Chart Present act pres ω/η prim act λύω Present mid/pas pres ω/η prim mid/pas λύωμαι 1 st aorist act aor act σ(α) ω/η prim act λύσω 1 st aorist mid aor act σ(α) ω/η prim mid/pas λύσωμαι 1 st aorist pas aor pas θ(η) ω/η prim act λυθῶ 2 nd aorist act aor act ω/η prim act λάβω 2 nd aorist mid aor act ω/η prim mid/pas γένωμαι 2 nd aorist pas aor pas ω/η prim act γράφω

Summary 1. Present and (unaugmented) aorist 2. Aspect (continuous, undefined) 3. Possibility or probability (“may”) 4. ἵνα clause 5. Conditional (future, axiom) 6. Exhortation (“Let us”)

Summary 7. Deliberative questions 8. Negations 9. Clues • ἵνα, ἐάν, or ἄν • Lengthened connecting vowel + primary personal • No augment in aorist (nonindicative)

Summary 10. Ask questions 11. Parsing