Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds Godzwilla rules Reptiles

Chapter 31 Reptiles and Birds Godzwilla rules!!!

Reptiles • • -vertebrates -dry, scaly skin -lungs -terrestrial eggs with several membranes

Evolution • Early on, Mammal like reptile: great variety but died out • Later, Dinosaurs: great adaptive radiation, reproduce away from water

2 groups • bird hipped dinosaurs and lizard hipped dinosaurs • Mass extinction 65 million yrs. ago

Keys to Reptile Life • • • well developed lungs double loop circulatory system water conserving excretory system strong limbs internal fertilization shelled, terrestrial eggs

Groups of Reptiles • - Lizards/ snakes Order Squamata • - Crocodilian Order Crocodilia warm climates, alligators, crocs, caimans • - Turtles (water) and tortoises (land) Order Testudines • -Tuataras Order Sphenodonata like lizards, lack external ears, have primitive scales, have “third eye”

Tuatara Anyone got a cricket? ?

Ectotherm/ Feeding/ Respiration • Ectotherm- animal that relies on behavior to help control body temperature • Feeding- many types: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores • Respiration- well developed lungs, most reptiles cannot exchange gases through skin

Circulation • • double loop circulatory system 1 loop: blood to and from lungs 2 nd loop: blood to and from body heart contains 2 atria and 1 or 2 ventricles

Excretion • Excretion-urine produced in kidneys, expelled in cloaca • In water reptiles (crocs and alligators) waste is ammonia and is diluted with water • In land reptiles waste is converted to uric acid (less toxic), excess water is absorbed in cloaca and urine turns to crystals and forms pasty white solids

Response • • Response very complex Larger brain Good sense of smell ex snakes Good hearing

Movement Reproduction • Movement- legs rotated under body, help carry body weight • Reproduction-internal fertilization • Amniotic egg- shell and membranes that create protective environment in which the embryo can develop out of the water