CHAPTER 3 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION IMPORTANT EVENTS LEADING

CHAPTER 3 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

IMPORTANT EVENTS LEADING TO WAR (REVIEW) Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Stamp Act Tea Act Intolerable Acts Closed Boston Harbor Canceled Massachusetts Charter Royal Officials tried in England General Gage named as Governor of Massachusetts

FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Attended by 12 colonies (Not Georgia) Took Place in Philadelphia 3 decisions made: 1. Halted trade with England 2. Alerted Colonial Militia 3. Declaration of Rights

SHOT HEARD 'ROUND THE WORLD April 18 th 700 troops leave Boston to destroy Patriot weapons. Patriots get word and organize a warning system Minutemen- Patriot Militia Gather in Lexington Continue march to Concord British attacked from the trees and suffer 250 casualties. Patriots suffer less than 100. https: //www. flocabulary. com/unit/american- revolution/video/

SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Meeting in Philadelphia May 1775 Three Decisions 1. Massachusetts Militia named as Continental Army 2. George Washington appointed General 3. Olive Branch Petition- Peace offering by colonists.

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL May 1775 Benedict Arnold attacks Fort Ticonderoga- gains cannons Patriots dig in on Breeds Hill British attack with 2, 400 men on June 17, 1775 George Washington takes command July 3, 1775 Cannons placed overlooking Boston British leave Boston

COMMON SENSE Written by Thomas Paine Published January 1776 Urged Separation from England Argued that citizens should make law, not kings Sold 500, 000 copies

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Second Continental Congress reconvenes June 1776 Written by committee-Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston and Robert Sherman Jefferson is the main author Formally announce break from England All men have unalienable rights- Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness The king violated these rights The colonists have the right to break from England Approved July 4, 1776

CHOOSING SIDES Patriots Loyalists Fight for Independence Support the King 40 -45% of the 20 -30% of the population

THOSE LEFT OUT BY DECLARATION Women- Abigail Adams asked her husband to add women Slaves- Many argued that liberty should extend to all

WAR EFFORT Continental Army 230, 000 men Most were young (Some under 16) Most were poor, owned no land Terrible pay, rotten food, hard work, no shelter, poor uniforms Slaves fought (After British offered freedom to those who fought for them) Native Americans fought on both sides Women-served as messengers, nurses and spy's Molly Pitcher- Served men during battle took control of the cannon Deborah Sampson- Dressed as a man to fight

EARLY DEFEATS AND VICTORIES Continental Army down to 6, 000 (was Canada 14 th colony Benedict Arnold attacked fort Quebec New York June 1776 General Howe attacks General Washington Forced out of New York Continued attacking Patriots Forced to flee to New Jersey 23, 000) December 31 st was end of enlistment Battle of Trenton Christmas night (Marched through the night) Attacked the Hessians Took 900 prisoners Important American victory Battle of Princeton Gen. Cornwallis attacks Gen. Washington sneak attacks Men reenlist

BATTLE OF SARATOGA General Burgoyne develops a plan to defeat patriots Gen Burgoyne invades from Canada (Recapture Fort Ticonderoga sweep south to Albany) Gen Howe would sail from New York down the Hudson River Gen Clinton would march from the south to Albany Gen Howe attacks Philadelphia instead Battle of Saratoga Gen Burgoyne trapped near Saratoga Gen Gates and Gen Arnold surround him and force him to surrender October 17, 1777 France and Spain join Patriots

FOREIGN HELP Marquis de Lafayette Served without pay Spoke little English, 19 years old, donated $200, 000 to the cause Baron Friedrich von Steuben Prussian(German) Trained the Continental Army Bernardo de Galvez Attacked from Louisiana to Florida

WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE Winter of 1777 12, 000 men starving near Philadelphia Some had no shirts or shoes 2, 000 die of starvation and disease Continued drilling British living in luxury(Philadelphia)

WAR AT SEA AND IN THE WEST Attacked individual ships John Paul Jones George Rogers Clark Organized 175 men in the west Sailor Worked with Native tribes to keep them neutral "I have not yet begun to fight. " Won Battle of Vincennes

WAR IN THE SOUTH British move south after failed Gen Burgoyne plan Brutal fighting Scorched earth policy- destroy crops, livestock and buildings Killed soldiers who surrendered- Banastre Tarleton British Victories Charleston, South Carolina Captured 5, 400 Patriot prisoners Camden, South Carolina Of 4, 000 Patriot troops only 700 escaped

GUERILLA WARFARE Hit and run tactics Francis Marion (Swamp Fox) Organized men in the south Successful against British

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN Patriots low on money and supplies Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor Gen Cornwallis retreats to the sea at Yorktown Gen Washington and Compte de Rochambeau march to surround Gen Cornwallis French fleet cuts off escape by sea October 19, 1781 Gen Cornwallis surrenders Last major battle of American Revolution

TREATY OF PARIS OF 1783 Benjamin Franklin influences peace talks with England Recognizes independence of the United States Florida is returned to Spain Gen Washington says goodbye to his troops