Chapter 3 States of Matter and Phase Changes

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Chapter 3 States of Matter and Phase Changes

Chapter 3 States of Matter and Phase Changes

Kinetic Theory says that all particles of matter are in constant motion. There are

Kinetic Theory says that all particles of matter are in constant motion. There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.

Physical States of Matter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bose-Einstein Condensates Solid Liquid Gas

Physical States of Matter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bose-Einstein Condensates Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Physical States of Matter 1. Solid Atoms are packed tightly together and stay in

Physical States of Matter 1. Solid Atoms are packed tightly together and stay in one place

Very low kinetic energy Atoms have a fixed position Has definite shape Has definite

Very low kinetic energy Atoms have a fixed position Has definite shape Has definite volume Cannot be compressed

2. Liquid Atoms are packed close together but are able to slide past one

2. Liquid Atoms are packed close together but are able to slide past one another

More kinetic energy than a solid Atoms slide past one another Has indefinite shape

More kinetic energy than a solid Atoms slide past one another Has indefinite shape Has definite volume Cannot be compressed

3. Gas Atoms are far apart and move rapidly

3. Gas Atoms are far apart and move rapidly

Has a high kinetic energy Atoms are far apart from one another No definite

Has a high kinetic energy Atoms are far apart from one another No definite volume No definite shape Gases can be compressed

4. Plasma Extremely high kinetic energy Has no definite shape or volume Bare nuclei

4. Plasma Extremely high kinetic energy Has no definite shape or volume Bare nuclei swimming in a sea of electrons

Are electrically conductive and can produce magnetic fields and electric currents Not common on

Are electrically conductive and can produce magnetic fields and electric currents Not common on Earth but makes up 99% of matter in the universe

5. Bose-Einstein Condensate Almost no kinetic energy or movement of atoms Atoms clump together

5. Bose-Einstein Condensate Almost no kinetic energy or movement of atoms Atoms clump together as one “super atom” Definite shape and volume Cannot be compressed

Phase Change A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one

Phase Change A reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

Different phase changes are: Melting (Fusion) Freezing Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition

Different phase changes are: Melting (Fusion) Freezing Vaporization Condensation Sublimation Deposition

The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change

The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change

During a phase change energy is transferred between a substance and its surroundings Endothermic

During a phase change energy is transferred between a substance and its surroundings Endothermic – system absorbs energy from its surroundings Exothermic – system releases energy to its surroundings

Deposition

Deposition

The amount of heat absorbed as ice melts is called the heat of fusion

The amount of heat absorbed as ice melts is called the heat of fusion Amount of heat absorbed to change from a liquid to a gas is called heat of vaporization

Boiling – when the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure Evaporation –

Boiling – when the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure Evaporation – takes place at the surface of the liquid and occurs at temperatures below the boiling point