Chapter 3 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS HALLUCINATIONS Def false perceptions

HALLUCINATIONS � Def. : false perceptions with no external stimulation � Created by Sensory

HALLUCINATIONS & DRUGS � LSD, alcohol, opium, caffeine, etc can create psychoactive hallucinations �

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (1) 1. HALLUCINOGENS/ PSYCHEDELICS: ex, PCP (“angel dust”) user feels disembodied

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (2) � OPIATES: highly addictive drugs; suppress sensation & response to

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (3) � DEPRESSANTS: slow down mental & physical activity by inhibiting

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (4) � STIMULANTS: speed up mental & physical rates of activity

BUT ARE THEY DRUGS? TYPES OF DEPENDENCE � Physiological Dependence: process by which the

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Chapter 3 PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

HALLUCINATIONS � Def. : false perceptions with no external stimulation � Created by Sensory deprivation brain creates own stimulation if not enough in the environment (imaginary friends, seclusion, solitary confinement) � Or too much stimulation causes it (schizophrenia)

HALLUCINATIONS & DRUGS � LSD, alcohol, opium, caffeine, etc can create psychoactive hallucinations � Impairs judgment & emotion-based brain mechanisms � Most widely abused: marijuana, cocaine, heroin, & amphetamines

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (1) 1. HALLUCINOGENS/ PSYCHEDELICS: ex, PCP (“angel dust”) user feels disembodied & insensitive to pain; Shrooms; LSD ; Marijuana

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (2) � OPIATES: highly addictive drugs; suppress sensation & response to stimulation �Morphine & codeine: pain-relieving properties like body’s own endorphins �Heroin is made from morphine & 1 st developed by Bayer Co. rush of euphoria & addiction starts from 1 st use!!

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (3) � DEPRESSANTS: slow down mental & physical activity by inhibiting CNS �Barbiturates, anti-anxiety meds, & alcohol all actually reduce REM-sleep, so still tired despite full nights rest! �Overdoses cause loss of all sensations, coma, or death �Alcohol one of 1 st psychoactive drugs used by humans now 1 in 10 Americans suffer from alcoholism

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG CATEGORIES (4) � STIMULANTS: speed up mental & physical rates of activity & increases CNS activity Used for ADHD & narcolepsy � Cocaine users want higher pleasure sensations & greater energy and awareness; heavy users experience hallucinations � Crack = cheap form of cocaine

Natural Stimulants

BUT ARE THEY DRUGS? TYPES OF DEPENDENCE � Physiological Dependence: process by which the body adjusts to, and becomes dependent on, a drug � Psychological Dependence: mental and emotional addiction � Tolerance: reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use � Two other stimulants: caffeine & nicotine… do you think they are drugs? ?

BRAIN GAMES: ADDICTION