CHAPTER 3 Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses Have

CHAPTER 3 Perfect and Perfect Progressive Tenses Have you ever seen a dragon parade? 1

The Chinese have been celebrating the New Year for 5, 000 years. The New Year traditions have included setting off thousands of firecrackers and painting parts of houses bright red. Also, grown-ups have traditionally given red envelopes of money to children and unmarried adults for good luck. Families feast on dumplings, chicken, and fish, and watch the dragon and lion dances. In some cities in America, the dances have evolved into parades of dancing dragons and lions surrounded by colorful flags, banners, lanterns and drums to drive away the evil spirits. Have you ever seen a dragon parade? Over the years, I have seen several over the years in Chinatown. 2

Present Perfect • Subject + Have (Has) + Past Participle • • You have studied English. You have not studied Russian Literature. Have you attended college? Where have you attended college? 3

Present Perfect • For regular verbs, the past participle is the same as the simple past form of the verb: – Verb + -ed • Irregular verbs have special past participle forms (see p. 20 -21). • You have to memorize them. 4

Use the present perfect to talk about situations that began in the past and continue up until now. These traditions have continued for 5, 000 years. Grown-ups have always given red envelopes of money to children. 5, 000 years ago Today 5

Use the present perfect to talk about events that have or haven’t happened before now. Has Julia ever seen a dragon parade? No, Julia has never seen one. 1990 Today no dragon parades 6

For & Since • Use FOR to show the duration of time of an event that continues to the present moment. – She has worked here for several years. – I have lived in Houston for nine months. • Use SINCE with specific dates or times to show the start of an event that continues into the present moment. – She has worked here since 1992. – I have lived in Houston since January. 7

Use the present perfect to talk about an event that has occurred repeatedly from a point in the past to the present time. Have you ever seen a dragon parade? Yes, I have seen many dragon parades. 1990 Today many dragon parades 8

Question with ever • Ever = at any time in the past Has she ever studied English? • Yes, she has. No, she has never studied English Have you ever slept past noon? • Yes, I have. No, I’ve never slept past noon – Has she never studied English? 9

Practice P. 37, 39 -40 Exercise 2 Exercise 4, 5(group), 7 10

Exercise 7 Page 40 -41 Time frame 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. From the beginning of the week to now From the beginning of the term to now From the time the speaker got up to now From right after dinner to now Unspecified time From the time she/he got the book up to now 11

Present Perfect vs. Simple Past P. 43 • Simple Past – only actions or events that are COMPLETED. • Present Perfect – actions or events that continue to NOW. 12

What’s the difference? • She’s been skinny all her life. • She was skinny all of her life. 13

Another Example • I have worked at the college for ten years. (I still work at the college. ) • I worked at the college for 10 years. I don’t work at the college anymore. ) 14

Definite or Indefinite Time Simple Past = a DEFINITE time in the past. • She studied English last year. (definite) Present Perfect = an INDEFINITE time. • She has studied English. (indefinite) 15

Let’s Practice P. 44 Exercise 13 1. Has never seen 2. Saw 3. Had…went 4. Haven’t had 5. Has been 6. Was 7. Has just occurred… occurred 8. Have gotten…saw…am also getting 9. Have already taken…took 10. Have known 11. knew 16

Let’s Talk! – Ask Your Partner 1. Have you ever driven a bus? 2. Have you ever played baseball? 3. Have you ever ridden a camel? 4. Have you ever broken your arm? 5. Have you ever eaten Chinese sweets? 6. Have you ever gone skydiving? 7. Have you ever won a prize? 17

Present Perfect Progressive Affirmative • Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb –ing • • You have been studying English. The dogs have been eating dinner. They have been finding the answers. He has been working on the project. 18

Present Perfect Progressive Negative • Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb –ing • • You have not been studying English. The dogs have not been eating dinner. They have not been finding the answers. He has not been working on the project. 19

Present Perfect Progressive Questions • Have/Has + S + Been + Verb –ing • ? Word + Have/Has + S + Been + Verb -ing • • Have you been studying English? Have the dogs been eating dinner? Where have been finding the answers? How has he been working on the project? 20

Use the present perfect progressive to talk about the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present. We have been celebrating the Chinese New Year for a week now. My grandmother has been decorating the house for the New Year since this morning. 21

Use the present perfect progressive to talk about the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues to the present. Meng’s grandparents have been giving him money for the New Year since he was a little boy. How long? My sister has been waiting all year to see the dragon parade. How long? 22

For non-progressive (stative) verbs, use the present perfect to express duration • This room has smelled like smoke for the past hour. • My sister has known her husband for 20 years. 23

For some verbs, duration can be expressed by either present perfect or present perfect progressive. • Only when the verb expresses the duration of present activities or situations that happen usually: – Live, work, teach, study, wear glasses, play football, etc. • How long have you lived here? • How long have you been living here? 24

When present perfect progressive is used without a time expression, it means a general activity is in progress recently/lately. • I’ve been thinking about looking for a different job. • All of the students have been studying hard. 25

PRACTICE – Part I - Identify the correct verb form(s). Present Perfect (P)? Present Perfect Progressive (PP)? Or Both (B)? 1. We (celebrate) Chinese New Year all week! ____ PP P 2. I (see) two dragon parades so far this week. ____ B 3. My brother (eat) a lot of candy during New Year’s. ____ B 4. He (feel) ill all day today. ____ 5. He (be) sick since this morning. ____ P 6. My mother (take care of) my brother today. She hasn’t left PP his side. ____ 26

PRACTICE – Part II – Complete the sentence with the correct verb form(s). 1. We __________(celebrate) have been celebrating Chinese New Year all week! 2. I _______(see) two dragon parades so far this week. have seen has eaten has been eating 3. My brother _________ (eat) a lot of candy during New Year’s. has felt 4. He _________(feel) ill all day today. has been feeling has been 5. He _________(be) sick since this morning. has been taking care of 6. My mother __________(take care of) my brother today. She hasn’t left his side. 27

Listening Practice P. 48 -49 Exercise 18 1. Have you been 2. I’ve been taking 3. Haven’t ben working 4. How are 5. I haven’t seen 6. They’re doing 7. They’re traveling 8. Have they been 9. It’s been 10. They’ve been traveling 11. They’ve been staying 12. Spending 13. They’re enjoying Exercise 20 1. Has been waiting… 9: 00 AM 2. Has owned… one month 3. Has not decided 4. Has been sitting… 7: 00 5. Have been playing… 3

Past Perfect • She looked tired when she got home last night. • She worked for 10 hours before she went home last night. • How do you combine the two sentences?

Past Perfect • She looked tired last night because she had worked for 10 hours. • She looked tired last night because she had been working for 10 hours.

Past Perfect • Subject + Had + Past Participle • I had hiked for four hours by then. • She had not eaten dinner before they went out. • Had she gone to a concert before? • Where had she studied before? 33

The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past. By the time we got to the park last night, the fireworks had already finished. Fireworks began. Fireworks finished. We arrived. 34

The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past. Jim said that he had never seen fireworks before in his entire life. Jim is born. Jim arrived at the park. Fireworks began. (no fireworks) First time he saw fireworks 35

Relationship Between Events • Two events happened in the past. • You need to say which one happened first. • Use past perfect to describe the event that happened first. • Use simple past to describe the second event. 36

Examples: • Events: – Completed the Exam (1 st) – Felt Relieved (2 nd) – I had just completed the exam. I felt very relieved. – I had just completed the exam, so I felt very relieved. – I felt very relieved because I had just completed the exam. – Explanation: at the point in time when I finished the exam, I felt relieved (because it was over) 37

Examples: • Events: – Miguel called (3 rd) – I wasn’t there (2 nd) – I went to a meeting (1 st) – Miguel called me this morning, but I wasn’t there. I had gone to a meeting. – I had gone to a meeting, so I wasn’t there this morning when Miguel called. – Explanation: at the point in time that Miguel called, I had left. 38

Review/Practice: The Past A: B: I was late for class today. I was late, too. By the time I got to class, the teacher had arrived. Continue the conversation. Tell your partner what had already happened or hadn’t happened in class by the time you got there. Use ideas from the list or think of your own. all the students/sit down the class/begin the quiz / start the teacher/collect homework the teacher/take attendance the class / go to the lab

Practice • Ex. 23, p. 51 • Ex. 26, p. 53 • Ex. 28, p. 54 40

Past Perfect Progressive • Subject + Had + Been + Verb –ing • I had been hiking for hours by the time he arrived. • The police had not been looking for the criminal long when they found him. • Had it been four years since you saw him last? • Why had it been so long since you went to 41 the doctor last month?

Use the past perfect progressive to emphasize the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past. Steven had been watching the dragon parade for thirty minutes when he remembered he had a lunch date. Steven’s friends had been waiting for him since twelve-thirty. 42

Use the past perfect progressive to express an activity in progress close in time to another activity or time in the past. • When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming. • I went to Ed’s house after the funeral. His eyes were red because he had been crying. 43

PRACTICE 3 What happened first? 1. The spectators had been watching the dragon parade for awhile when it started to rain. a. It started to rain. b. The spectators watched the parade. 2. The dragon parade had already ended before the tour bus arrived in Chinatown. a. The tour bus arrived in Chinatown. b. The dragon parade ended. 3. The Nian had been terrorizing the people for centuries before they asked the great lion spirit for help. a. The people asked the great lion spirit for help. b. The Nian terrorized the people. 4. After the great lion spirit had driven the Nian away, the villagers reported the good news. a. Villagers reported the good news. 44 b. The great lion spirit drove the Nian away.

Let’s Practice P. 55, 56 Exercise 30 1. Have been waiting 2. Had been waiting 3. Have been studying 4. Had been studying 5. Had been daydreaming 6. Have been sleeping Exercise 31 1. Had been singing 2. Had been talking 3. Had been playing 4. Had been looking 5. Had been drawing 6. Had been studying 45

Exercise 32 P. 57 • Answer questions with a partner. 46

More Practice Exercise 33 (listening) – p. 58 47

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