Chapter 3 MTI Pulsed Doppler Radars INTRODUCTION TO

Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

What is Clutters? ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ MTI (Moving Target Indicator) : 1. 2. No ambiguity in range Low PRF (Long Range) گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Pulsed Doppler Radars : 1. 2. Ambiguity in range High PRF (Short Range) INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

What is Doppler Effect? ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Number of Wavelength : Phase Shift: گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ R changes with time: Vr is radial velocity of target : INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

What is Doppler Effect? ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Example 1: Example 2: For a Commercial Aircraft: For a Military Aircraft: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

What is Doppler Effect? ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

CW Doppler Radars Block Diagram ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Pulsed Radars Block Diagram ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

MTI Radars Block Diagram ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Doppler Detection ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Mixer INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Doppler Detection ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Doppler Detection ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Scan 1 گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Scan 2 Several Scans INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Single Delay Line Cancellers (DLC) ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Analog DLC : By Acoustic Devices Delay Line Subtract گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Digital DLC: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Blind Speeds ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ First Blind Speed Second Blind Speed Third Blind Speed گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Double Delay Line Cancellers ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ (Three Pulse Cancellers) گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Frequency Response of Cancellers ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Single Canceller (Two Pulses) : Double Canceller (Three Pulses): گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Clutter Attenuation ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Clutter Power Spectral Density : is standard deviation of Clutter spectrum is standard deviation of Clutter speed گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ For 2 -Pulse canceller: Exercise: For 3 -pulse canceller we have: Find CA =? INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Non-Recursive Filters ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Improvement Factor ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ For 2 -Pulse canceller: گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ For 3 -Pulse canceller: For n-Pulse canceller: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Recursive Filters ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Recursive Filters ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Staggered PRF ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Staggered PRF ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Doppler Filter Banks ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Advantages : 1. Multiple target are detected. 2. Target velocity is estimated (with ambiguity that is resolved with PRF change). 2. These narrow band filters Reduce noises. INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

MTI Filter Bank ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Improvement Factor گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Filter 2 & 8 INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

MTI Filter Bank ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Improvement Factor increasing by placing a simple DLC in ahead of the filter bank گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

MTI Filter Bank ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ IF increasing by placing a simple DLC in ahead of the filter bank گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Chebyshev Weighting INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Blind Phase Effects ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Blind Speeds : گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Blind Phase Effects : INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Digital MTI (DMTI) ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ FFT Limitation of Improvement Factor by A/D Converter : Quantization noise limits IF by : N is number of bits in A/D Limitation of Dynamic Range by A/D Converter : Quantization noise limits it : N is number of bits in A/D INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Moving Target Detectors (MTD) ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ It was originally developed by the MIT Lincoln Lab. for airport surveillance radars (ASR), 60 n-mile radar FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) , designed ASR-8, 47. 5 n-mile in S-Band (2. 7 -2. 9 GHz) including: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8 -pulse FFT filter bank which preceded by 3 P-DLC. Frequency domain weighting to reduce side lobes. Change PRF to eliminate blind speeds. Adaptive thresholds due to non-uniform of nature clutters. Clutter Maps to detect aircraft with zero radial velocity (crossing trajectory of aircrafts). First MTD Task: what is the flowing: Second MTD = ? Third MTD = ? Clutter map is produced by the zero velocity filter centered in clutter spectrum. (ARS-9, a operational radar) INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Limitations for MTI Performance ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ 1. Antenna scanning modulation. 2. 3. 4. Internal fluctuation of clutters. Instability of equipments. Limiters. Standard deviation of clutter spectral density : Generate from various effects such as: گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Oscillator stability Quantization of A/D Antenna scanning mod. … Internal fluctuation of clutters : • Perfect stationary Clutters: Mountain, rocks, building, water tower, fences, thick tree trunks and bare hills • Motion Clutters: sea, rain, tree, large vegetation, wind and chaff INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Wind Effects in MTI radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ • Heavily wooded hills, 20 -mph wind: 1. 5 Hz (0. 22 m/s) • Sparsely wooded hills : 0. 11 Hz (0. 02 m/s) • Sea echo, windy day: 6. 0 Hz (0. 9 m/s) • Chaff: 7. 1 Hz (1. 1 m/s) گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

System Instability Effects in MTI radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ • • • Amplitude Change Phase Noise COHO Synthesizers Phase Noise is more important in local oscillators (LO) such as : INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition STALO Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

MTI from a Moving Platform (AMTI) ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی • • • ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Produced by installing a MTI radar on moving places such as: Aircrafts, Ships, Spacecraft AMTI means Airborne MTI that generalized for all AMTI Limitations: • Spreading Spectrum • Shifting Center Frequency • These Limitations must be compensated by different techniques INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Compensation of Platform Motion ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ • • The Compensation for Clutter Doppler Shift (TACCAR) The Compensation for Clutter Doppler Spread (DPCA) TACCAR : Time Average Clutter Coherent Airborne Radar introduced by ‘ Fred Staudaher ‘ ref. 84 This method compensate doppler shift in reference oscillators DPCA : Displaced Phase Center Antenna INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Pulse Doppler Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Three Type of Pulsed radars : • The MTI with no range ambiguity and many Doppler ambiguity. • The high PRF radar wit opposite MTI features. • The medium PRF. High PRF radars : • High PRF Radar. • High First Blind Speed. • Range Ambiguity. Example: the NATO Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) designed to detect aircraft INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Pulse Doppler Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Three Type of Pulsed radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ • High PRF Pulse Doppler. • Medium PRF Pulse Doppler. • Low PRF Pulse Doppler (AMTI). Typical values گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ High PRF Pulse Doppler : • No ambiguity in doppler, no blind speed, but many rang ambiguity. • Rang ambiguity can be resolved by change PRF. • Removing altitude return and leakages by filtering. • Main beam clutter is removed by tunable filter. • Very low side lobe level is required. • Range accuracy and multiple targets detection is poor. INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Airborne Air Surveillance Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Figure 3. 45 (a) : گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ • U. S Navy aircraft carrier. • UHF radar. • Rotation array with 8 x 1 meter Rotodome. • Satellite communication antenna on top of aircraft. Figure 3. 45 (b) : • U. S air Force E 3 AWACS. • S Band Pulsed radar. • Planar antenna 24 ft. x 5 ft. Rotodome is a Radome enclosed antenna in which rotate together INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Airborne Air Surveillance Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Figure 3. 45 (c) : گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ • Phalcon L Band radar. • Electronically scan phase array • Each side is 12 x 2 meter. • Each contain 600 solid state T/R modules. • 3 meter diameter Radome on nose of the aircraft for coverage forward sector. Figure 3. 45 (d) : • S Band radar. • Electronically scan phase array. • 8 meter long of antenna. • Each contain 192 solid state T/R modules. • Each section coverage 120 deg. INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

Non-Coherent MTI ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Coherent MTI : Reference signal is STALO گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ Non-Coherent MTI : Reference signal is clutter echo Ground Moving Targets Detection : • Ground moving targets indicators (GMTI). • Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) with non coherent MTI. • Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR). • Interferomectic SAR (In-SAR). INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

CW Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ Applications : گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ • Police speed meter. • The speed gun used in baseball and other sports. • The artillery proximity fuse. (artillery is a gun device in army) • The artillery projectile muzzle velocity measurement radar. ( muzzle velocity is speed of gunshot while outlet) • Radars for the docking of large ships. • The airborne doppler navigators. • Vibration measurements. • Intruder detection. Intruder is one who enters by force or without invitation • Monitoring the respiration rate of human and animals. respiration is the act of breathing human • Measurement of ground speeds. • Semiactive missile guidance. INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars

CW Radars ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﻧﻮﺷیﺮﻭﺍﻧی ﺑﺎﺑﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘیﻘﺎﺗی ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭ CW radars application Notes: • Isolation of TX and RX. • Reduction of flicker effect noise (1/f noise). • Matched filters to maximize of S/N. • Direction of target’s is lost because of doppler sign is lost. • CW radars have more clutter. • FM-CW radars is used to measure of range. • FM-CW is used to altimeter. • Hawk air defense system. Hawk is a ground to air missile. INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SYSTEMS , Merrill I. Skolnik , Third Edition Chapter 3 : MTI & Pulsed Doppler Radars