Chapter 3 MeasurementsMath Review A MeasurementConversions Basic unit

Chapter 3 Measurements/Math Review

A. Measurement/Conversions – Basic unit is meter, others either fractions or multiples of Metric Unit Abbreviation Equal To Millimeter mm 1/1000 m Centimeter cm 1/100 m Kilometer km 1000 m

Millimeters – used in construction drawings 1 inch = 25. 4 millimeters 12 inches = 304. 8 millimeters 1 yard = 914. 4 millimeters 39. 37 inches = 1000 millimeters (1 meter)

B. Math Review Fractions – 2 Numerator 3 Denominator Proper Fraction – 2/3 Numerator less than Denominator Improper Fraction – 4/3 Numerator greater than Denominator

Mixed Number – 22 2/3 A whole number together with a fraction Adding and Subtracting Fractions Requires least common denominator, changing mixed numbers to fractions Multiplying Fractions – Changing to improper fractions, multiply denominators, numerators and reduce

Dividing Fractions – Change to improper fraction, invert divisor and multiply 5 ¼ divided by 1 ½ = 21 divided by 3 = 21 x 2 = 4 2 4 3 = 42 = 3 6 = 3 1/2 12 12

Decimals 3/10 = 0. 3 Tenths 87/100 = 0. 87 Hundreds 375/1000 = 0. 375 Thousands 4375/10, 000 = 0. 4375 10 Thousands

Areas Squares/Rectangles = length x width Triangles = ½ b. H

Circles Diameter – Line through center Circumference – Distance around circle Radius - ½ Diameter Volume = area (plan) x depth

Chapter 3 Design Professional’s Work Product

A. The Project Manual (1) Bidding Requirements (2) Contracting Requirements (3) Specifications

B. Drawings (1) Scaled (2) Nation CAD Standard

(3) Order (a) General Notes (b) Vicinity Map (c) Architectural (d) Structural (e) Mechanical (f) Plumbing

(g) Electrical (h) Landscape (i) Others – Telecommunication, Hazardous Materials, survey and Mapping, Geotechnical

C. Civil Engineering Drawings (1) Title (2) Sections (3) General Layout Plans (4) Profiles (5) Details

(6) Storm Water (7) Erosion Control (8) Drainage/Quantities (9) Landscape (10) Electrical

D. Order (1) General to Specific

E. Contents in Drawings (1) Coversheets (2) General Information (3) Hazardous Materials (4) Surveying/Mapping (5) Geotechnical Information (6) Civil Works

(7) Civil Drawings (8) Landscape Drawings (9) Structural Drawings (10) Architectural Drawings (11) Interiors (12) Equipment (13) Fire Protection (14) Plumbing

(15) Process (16) Mechanical (17) Electrical (18) Telecommunications (19) Resource (20) Other Disciplines (21) Contractor Drawings (22) Operations

F. International System of Units – Must comply with ISU (1) Building Module – 4 inches (US) (2) Modular Construction – 4” – 18” – 16” – 48” units used repeatedly to create whole system in construction (3) NIBS – National Institute of Buildings Sciences – Responsible for metric to U. S. conversions

G. Drawings (1) A 0 - 45. 8” x 33. 1” (2) A 1 - 33. 1” x 23. 4” (3) A 2 - 23. 4” x 16. 5” (4) A 3 - 16. 5” x 11. 7” (5) A 4 - 11. 7” x 8. 3”

G. Scales 1: _____ Represents Fraction Architects 3” = 1’ 1/6”= 1’ Ratio 1: 4 1: 192 SI 1. 5 1: 200 Engineers 1” = 100 Ratio 1: 1200 SI 1: 1000

H. Typical Residential Drawings/Commercial Drawings (1) Residential less complicated in general than commercial (2) Roofing more complicated in residential