Chapter 3 Instruction Set Architectures Images courtesy of

Chapter 3 Instruction Set Architectures Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Chapter Outline • • • Programming Languages Assembly Languages Instruction Set Architecture Design A Relatively Simple ISA of the 8085 microprocessor Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Programming Languages • • • High level languages Assembly languages Machine languages Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Compilation Process Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Assembly Process Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Java Applets Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Assembly Language Attributes • • Instruction types Data types Addressing modes Instruction formats Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Instruction Types • • • Data transfer Data operation Program control Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Data Types • • • Numeric (integer, floating point) Boolean (true, false) Character (ASCII, Unicode) Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Direct Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Indirect Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Register Direct Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Register Indirect @R Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes Immediate Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Implicit Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Relative Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Addressing modes - Indexed Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Instruction Formats • More operands = less instructions • More operands = larger words Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

3 -operand Instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

2 -operand Instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

1 -operand Instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

0 -operand Instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Instruction Set Architecture • • • Instruction set Register set Memory access information Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

ISA Attributes • • • Completeness Orthogonality Register set design Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

ISA Requirements • • Backward compatibility? Data types/sizes Interrupts? Conditional instructions? Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

A Relatively Simple ISA Registers • • • Accumulator AC General purpose register R Flag Z Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Set Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Set (continued) Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

A Relatively Simple ISA Instruction Formats Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example Relatively Simple Program Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example Relatively Simple Program Code Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example Relatively Simple Program Trace Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

A Relatively Simple ISA Analysis • • • Completeness Orthogonality Register set design Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Registers • Accumulator A • General purpose registers B, C, D, E, H, L • Stack pointer SP • Flags S, Z, P, CY, AC Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set • Data movement instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set • Data operation instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Instruction Set • Program control instructions Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Instruction Formats Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example 8085 Program Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example 8085 Program Code Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Example 8085 Program Trace Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

The 8085 ISA - Analysis • • • Completeness Orthogonality Register set design Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Summary • Programming Languages • ISA Design Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001