Chapter 3 Electronic Business Systems EBusiness Main Ref

Chapter 3 Electronic Business Systems (E-Business) Main Ref: Chapter 7 – Introduction to Information Systems, by O’Brien & Marakas, 16 th ed 1

Learning Objectives 1. Identify the following cross-functional enterprise systems, and give examples of how they can provide significant business value to a company – Enterprise application integration – Transaction processing systems – Enterprise collaboration systems 2. Give examples of how Internet and other information technologies support business processes within the business functions of Accounting, Finance, Human resource management, Marketing, Production, and Operations management Chapter 7 Electronic Business Systems 2

What is E-Business? • E-business means using the Internet, other networks, and IT to support – Electronic commerce – Enterprise communications and collaboration – Web-enabled business processes • E-commerce is the buying, selling, and marketing of products, services, and information over the Internet and other networks 3

Cross-Functional Enterprise Systems • Cross the boundaries of traditional business functions – Used to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise 4

Enterprise Application Architecture 5

Enterprise Application Architecture • Provides a conceptual framework – Helps visualize the basic components, processes, and interfaces of major e-business applications • Focuses on accomplishing fundamental business processes in concert with – Customers – Suppliers – Partners – Employees 6

Enterprise Application Architecture • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) – Concentrates on the efficiency of internal production, distribution, and financial processes • Customer Relationship Management (CRM) – Focuses on acquiring and retaining profitable customers via marketing, sales, and services • Partner Relationship Management (PRM) – Aims at acquiring and retaining partners who can enhance the selling and distribution of products and services 7

Enterprise Application Integration • EAI software connects cross-functional systems • Serves as middleware to provide: – Data conversion – Communication between systems – Access to system interfaces 8

EAI Example 9

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) • Cross-functional information systems that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transactions – Transactions include sales, purchases, deposits, withdrawals, refunds, and payments – Online transaction processing (OLTP) is a real-time system that captures transactions immediately 10

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) 11

Transaction Processing Cycle 1. Data Entry: The first step of the transaction processing cycle is the capture of business data. For example, transaction data may be collected by point-of-sale terminals using optical scanning of bar codes and credit card readers at a retail store or other business. 2. Transaction Processing: – Batch – transaction data are accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically – Real-Time (OLP) data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs. 12

Transaction Processing Cycle 3. Database Maintenance: updating corporate databases of an organization to reflect changes resulting from day-to-day business transactions 4. Document and Report Generation: including transaction documents, transaction listings and error reports. 5. Inquiry Processing: making inquiries and receiving responses concerning the results of transaction processing activities. 13

Transaction Processing Cycle 14

Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) • EC systems are cross-functional information systems that enhance team and workgroup – Communication – Coordination – Collaboration • Systems may include – Networked PC workstations – Servers – Databases – Groupware and application packages 15

ECS Goals • Communicate – share information • Coordinate – coordinate individual work efforts and share resources • Collaborate – work together cooperatively on joint projects and assignments 16

ECS Tools 17

Functional Business Systems • A variety of types of information systems that support the business functions of – Marketing – Operations management – Human resource management – Accounting – Finance 18

Functional Business IS 19

Marketing Systems • Marketing systems are concerned with – Planning, promotion, and sale of existing products in existing markets – Development of new products and new markets – Better attracting and serving present and potential customers 20

Marketing Information Systems 21

Interactive Marketing • Interactive Marketing – A customer-focused marketing process – Uses the Internet, intranets, and extranets – Establishes two-way transactions between a business and its customers or potential customers How? In interactive marketing, customers are not just passive participants who receive media advertising prior to purchase. Interactive marketing encourages customers to become involved in product development, delivery, and service issues. This is enabled by various Internet technologies, including chat and discussion groups, Web forms and questionnaires, instant messaging, and e-mail correspondence. • Goal – Profitably use networks to attract and keep customers – Get customers to help create, purchase, and improve products and services. – the expected outcomes of interactive marketing are a rich mixture of vital 22 marketing data, new product ideas, volume sales, and strong customer relationships.

Targeted Marketing • An advertising and promotion management concept with five targeting components 23

Targeted Marketing Components • Community – customize advertising to appeal to people of specific virtual communities • Content – advertising placed on a variety of selected websites • Context – advertising placed on web pages that are relevant to the content of a product or service • Demographic/Psychographic – web marketing efforts aimed at specific types or classes or people • Online Behavior – promotion efforts tailored to each visit to a site by an individual. Example: cookie 24

Sales Force Automation • Outfit sales force with notebook computers, web browsers, and sales contact software – Connect them to marketing websites and the company intranet • Goals – Increase personal productivity – Speed up capture and analysis of sales data – Gain strategic advantage 25

• For example, salespeople use their PCs to record sales data as they make their calls on customers and prospects during the day. Then each night, sales reps. in the field can connect their computers to the Internet and extranets, which can access intranet or other network servers at their company. Then, they can upload information on sales orders, sales calls, and other sales statistics, as well as send e-mail messages and access Web site sales support information. In return, the network servers may download product availability data, prospect lists of information on good sales prospects, and e-mail messages. 26

Production / Operations Systems Manufacturing Systems • Supports the production/operations functions – Includes all activities concerned with planning and control of the processes producing goods or services. 27

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 28

CIM Objectives • Simplify production processes, product designs, and factory organization • Automate production processes and the business functions that support them • Integrate all production and support processes using: – Networks – Cross-functional business software – Other information technologies 29

CIM Systems • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) Information systems that automate the production process • Manufacturing execution systems (MES) – performance monitoring information systems for factory floor operations • Process Control – control ongoing physical processes • Machine Control – controls the actions of machines Note Refer to e-book for examples 30

Human Resource Management (HRM) • Information systems designed to support – Planning to meet personnel needs – Development of employees to their full potential – Control of all personnel policies and programs 31

Human Resource Systems 32

HRM and the Internet • Recruiting employees through recruiting services and databases on the World Wide Web • Posting messages in selected Internet newsgroups • Communicating with job applicants via email 33

HRM and Corporate Intranets – Process common HRM transactions – Allow around-the-clock HRM services – Disseminate information faster than through previous company channels – Collect information from employees online – Allow HRM tasks to be performed with little HRM department intervention – Training 34

Employee Self-Service • Intranet applications can allow employees to – View benefits – Enter travel and expense reports – Verify employment and salary information – Access and update personal information – Enter time-sensitive data 35

Accounting Information Systems • The oldest and most widely used information system in business – Records and reports business transactions and economic events – Produces financial statements – Forecasts future conditions 36

Accounting Information Systems • Typically consists of – Order processing – Inventory control – Accounts receivable – Accounts payable – Payroll – General ledger systems 37

Accounting Information Systems 38

Accounting Information Systems • Order Processing – Captures and processes customer orders and produces data for inventory control and accounts receivable • Inventory Control – Processes data reflecting changes in inventory and provides shipping and reorder information • Accounts Receivable – Records amounts owed by customers and produces customer invoices, monthly customer statements, and credit 39 management reports

Accounting Information Systems • Accounts Payable – Records purchases from, amounts owed to, and payments to suppliers, and produces cash management reports • Payroll – Records employee work and compensation data and produces paychecks and other payroll documents and reports • General Ledger – Consolidates data from other accounting systems and produces the periodic financial statements and reports of the business 40

Financial Management Systems • Supports business managers and professionals making decisions concerning – The financing of a business – The allocation and control of financial resources within a business 41

Financial Management Systems • Capital Budgeting – evaluating the profitability and financial impact of proposed capital expenditures • Financial Planning – evaluating the present and projected financial performance of a business 42

Financial Management Systems 43

Resources E-Text book Chapter 7 – Introduction to Information Systems, by O’Brien & Marakas, 16 th ed 44