Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright by The Mc

3 Drafting Skills What is the difference between sketching and technical drawing? Is it necessary to use CAD to create drawings for a design project? Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Drafting Skills § Identify the important part of a CAD system used to create technical drawings. § Define the relevant terms related to CAD systems. § Recognize the traditional tools most often used to create technical drawings. § Recall the important terms related to traditional drawing tools. § Show the use of traditional tools and CAD to draw lines, circles, arcs, curves, and erase parts of a drawing. § Produce measurements and scale drawings through the use of scales, dividers, and CAD. § Identify standard pencil grades, and identify those most commonly used for technical drawing. § Recognize the types and thicknesses of the various lines in the alphabet of lines. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Drafting Skills • All engineers should possess some basic skills as they enter the profession • Sketches and technical drawings are products of the engineering design process • Engineers must understand the principles behind drafting to work through the design process successfully Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Technical Drawing Tools Computer-Aided Design/Drafting (CAD) > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills computer-aided design/drafting (CAD) computer software and related hardware that supplements or replaces traditional hand tools in creating models and technical drawings Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Identifying Computer-Aided Drawing Tools A CAD System Consists of: CAD Software > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills CAD software application component of a computer-aided drawing system Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Identifying Computer-Aided Drawing Tools A CAD System Consists of: CAD Software > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Display Devices display devices viewing component of CAD systems; also known as monitors Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Identifying Computer-Aided Drawing Tools A CAD System Consists of: CAD Software > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Display Devices Input Devices input devices equipment used to enter data and interact with software programs such as CAD systems Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Identifying Computer-Aided Drawing Tools A CAD System Consists of: CAD Software Display Devices Input Devices Output Devices > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills output devices such as printers, plotters, and film recorders, used to make hard copies of drawings created on screen Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Identifying Computer-Aided Drawing Tools A CAD System Consists of: CAD Software Display Devices Output Devices > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Input Devices Storage Devices storage device medium for storing and retrieving information as needed Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Traditional Tools Chapter 3 Drafting Skills

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Pencils Eraser Scale Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Paper CAD Templates > scale instrument used to measure distances on technical drawings > templates devices used to assist in the drawing of repetitive features, such as circles and ellipses Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Types of Scales Combination Scale > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills combination scale instrument used to measure distances that has engineering, metric, and architectural components Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Types of Scales Combination Scale > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Architect's Scale architect’s scale instrument used to create drawings of structures, such as a building or a factory floor layout Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Types of Scales Combination Scale > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Architect's Scale Civil Engineer’s Scale civil engineer’s scale decimal scale used to divide into multiple units of 10 Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Types of Scales Combination Scale Architect's Scale Civil Engineer’s Scale Mechanical Engineer’s Scale > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills mechanical engineer’s scale instrument used to draw mechanical parts, either fractionally divided into 1/16 or 1/32, or decimally divided into 0. 01 or 0. 02 Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools Types of Scales Combination Scale Architect's Scale Mechanical Engineer’s Scale > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Civil Engineer’s Scale Metric Scale metric scale used to create scaled technical drawings using SI units Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools The International Standards Organization (ISO) developed the International System of Units. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills > International Standards Organization (ISO) international organization that established the metric standard > International System of Units system of metric standard; also known as Systeme Internationale Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools Using Traditional Drawing Tools CAD Templates > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills templates devices used to assist in the drawing of repetitive features, such as circles and ellipses Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 1 Drafting Tools 1. Identify five traditional tools used in technical drawing. Chapter

3. 1 Drafting Tools 2. Compare the architect’s, civil engineer’s, and mechanical engineer’s scales.

3. 1 Drafting Tools 3. Explain why an engineer might choose to use a CAD system instead of traditional drawing tools to create technical drawings. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Drawing a Line Through Two Points Chapter 3 Drafting Skills

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Drawing Parallel Lines Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Drawing Perpendicular Lines Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Drawing Lines at Angles Relative to a Given Line Chapter

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Drawing Irregular Curves To draw long, irregular curves, a device called a spline is used. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills > irregular curves types of curves that are not circles or arcs; also known as French curves > spline long, flexible device used to draw long, irregular curves Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using Multiview Projections > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills multiview drawing collection of flat 2 D drawings that work together to show an accurate representation of the overall object Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using Multiview Projections When creating a multiview drawing of a design, the selection and orientation of the front view is an important first step. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using Multiview Projections Isometric Orthographic > isometric view of a sketch of an object in a three-dimensional view > orthographic view or sketch of an object that shows how an object looks from the front, top, right, or other views Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using the Multiview Sketching Techniques There is a certain technique, or standard set of methods, followed when creating multiview sketches. The technique includes line conventions, proportioning, and methods for creating circles, arcs, and ellipses. > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills multiview sketches collection of drawings that require certain line conventions, proportioning, and methods for creation Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using the Multiview Sketching Techniques Sketched Alphabet of Lines Chapter

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using the Multiview Sketching Techniques Line Types on an Engineering

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using the Multiview Sketching Techniques Precedence of Lines Chapter 3

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Using the Multiview Sketching Techniques Center Line Conventions Chapter 3

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Examples of ANSI Standards > ANSI standards set of standards used in an industry set by the American National Standards Institute Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Most CAD systems can make use of the same fonts available in word processing systems. > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills font size and style of a particular typeface Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Type size is measured in points. There are 72 points per vertical inch. > Chapter 3 Drafting Skills type size measurement, in points, of text size Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Important Text Terms Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright ©

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Other CAD Text Variables Text Slant Text Rotation Text Aspect Ratio > text slant variable used to create individual text characters at an angle away from vertical > text rotation angle, measured from horizontal, used to create entire lines of text at an angle > text aspect ratio numerical ratio of the width versus the height of individual characters Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques Lettering Including Text on Drawings Title Block Revision Block General Notes Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Bill of Materials Dimensions Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. 2 Drafting Techniques 1. Explain how different types of straight lines can be

3. 2 Drafting Techniques 2. Summarize the types of text that are included on

3. 2 Drafting Techniques 3. Evaluate the need to use conventions in drawing hidden line on technical drawings. Chapter 3 Drafting Skills Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.