Chapter 3 Cytoplasm ribosome and RNAs 2 nd

Chapter 3. Cytoplasm, ribosome and RNAs 2 nd Edition

• • 3. 1 Structure and function of cytoplasm 3. 2 Ribosome 3. 3 Ribozyme 3. 4 Non-coding RNA

3. 1. 1 Structure of Cytoplasm • Cytosol • Organelles • Cytoplasmic inclusions 2 nd Edition

Cytosol • dissolved nutrients and waste products • dissolved macromolecules, such as RNAs and proteins • many salts 2 nd Edition

Organelles (1) nucleolus; (2) nucleus; (3)ribosomes; (4) vesicle; (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER); (6) Golgi apparatus; (7)cytoskeleton; (8)smooth. ER; (9)mitochondria; (10) vacuole; (11) cytosol; (12) lysosome; (13) centrioles within centrosome 2 nd Edition

Cytoplasmic inclusions • crystals of calcium oxalate or silicon dioxide in plants, • granules of starch, glycogen, or polyhydroxybutyrate, which can store energy. • Lipid droplets, storing fatty acids and sterols 2 nd Edition

3. 1. 2 Functions of Cytoplasm • Metabolic pathways and biochemical reactions • Ubiquitin-proteasome system • The functions of organelles • Maintenance and movement • Storage 2 nd Edition

3. 2 RIBOSOME • The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein particle composed of RNA and protein， and serves as the site of protein synthesis. 2 nd Edition

Composition of ribosomes of prokaryote and eukaryote. (from Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5 th ed. 2008) 2 nd Edition

p. Comparison of Ribosome Structure in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Mitochondria Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 70 S 80 S MW(k. Da） 2. 5× 103 3. 9～ 4. 5× 103 Subunit 50 S30 S 60 S40 S sediments Abundance 15× 102 -18× 103个/cell 106 -107 个/cell The other polyribosome or polysome free ribosome membrane-bound polyribosome or polysome 2 nd Edition

Figure 6 -52 a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

I: 肌苷酸，次黄嘌呤 Figure 6 -53 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -8 a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -8 b Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -64 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -66 (part 1 of 4) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -66 (part 2 of 4) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -66 (part 3 of 4) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -66 (part 4 of 4) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -72 (part 2 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -72 (part 3 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -72 (part 4 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -72 (part 5 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -67 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -72 (part 1 of 5) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -74 (part 1 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -74 (part 2 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -74 (part 3 of 3) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -76 a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -9 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -79 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Table 6 -4 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -84 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -85 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -86 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 6 -88 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

3. 3 RIBOZYME Ribozymes A ribozyme is defined as an RNA molecule capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction in the absence of proteins. Deoxyribozymes or DNA enzymes or catalytic DNA, r. DNAzymes are artificially DNA molecules that have the ability to perform a chemical reaction, such as catalytic action.

(1) Peptidyl transferase 23 S r. RNA (2) RNase P (3) Spliceosomes (4) Leadzyme (5) Hammerhead ribozyme

pself-cleaving RNAs Spliceosomes RNase P

3. 4 NON-CODING RNA

Table 6 -1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

mi. RNA and si. RNA cause degradation of cognate m. RNAs

RISC (RNA induced silencing complex)

• Questions: • Give short definitions of the following terms: Cytoplasm Proteasome Ribozyme Deoxyribozyme Small RNA micro. RNA • Please compare the components and the structure of ribosome between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • Please expatiate the tanslation procedure. • Give 5 examples of naturally occurring ribozymes. • What’s the function of non-coding RNAs? • Explain the structures and functions of Cytoplasm.

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