Chapter 3 Completing the Problem Solving Process and

Chapter 3: Completing the Problem. Solving Process and Getting Started with C++ Introduction to Programming with C++ Fourth Edition Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Objectives • • Code an algorithm into a program Desk-check a program Evaluate and modify a program Differentiate among source code, object code, and executable code • Understand the components of a C++ program Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 2

Objectives (continued) • Create a Visual C++. NET solution, project, and source file • Open a Visual C++. NET solution • Save, build, and execute a C++ program • Locate an error in a C++ program • Make a backup copy of a solution Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 3

More on the Problem-Solving Process Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 4

Coding the Algorithm into a Program Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 5

Coding the Algorithm into a Program (continued) • IPO chart shows: – Input, processing, and output items – Algorithm needed to solve the problem • The algorithm shows the steps to calculate and display Sarah’s new weekly pay • The calculation is based on the current weekly pay and raise rate values entered by the user • Algorithm also calculates an intermediate value, weekly raise Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 6

Coding the Algorithm into a Program (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 7

Assigning Names, Data Types, and Initial Values to the IPO Items • Assign a descriptive name to each unique input, processing, and output item listed in the IPO • Be aware of naming rules • Assign a data type to each input, processing, and output item • Assign an initial value Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 8

Assigning Names, Data Types, and Initial Values to the IPO Items (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 9

Translating the Algorithm Steps into C++ Code Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 10

Desk-Checking the Program Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 11

Desk-Checking the Program (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 12

Desk-Checking the Program (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 13

Desk-Checking the Program (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 14

Desk-Checking the Program (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 15

Evaluating and Modifying the Program • Debugging - the process of locating and removing any errors, called bugs, in a program • Program errors can be either syntax errors or logic errors • You create a syntax error when you enter an instruction that violates the programming language’s syntax Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 16

Evaluating and Modifying the Program (continued) • Logic errors - much more difficult to find because they can occur for a variety of reasons and do not trigger an error message from the compiler Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 17

Creating a C++ Program • C++ evolved from the procedure-oriented C programming language, which was developed in 1972 at Bell Laboratories by Dennis Ritchie • In 1985, Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories) added object-oriented features to C • C++ is a superset of C • Source code - C++ instructions • Source file – contains the source code Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 18

Creating a C++ Program (continued) • Object code - the 0 s and 1 s that the computer can understand • Object file - the file containing the object code • Linker - combines the object file with other machine code necessary for your C++ program to run correctly • Executable file - contains all of the machine code necessary to run your C++ program Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 19

Process by which Source Code is Translated into Executable Code Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 20

Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 21

Creating a C++ Program • Comment (internal documentation) - a message to the person reading the program • Function - a block of code that performs a task • Void functions – do not return values after completing their assigned tasks • Function header - marks the beginning of the function • Function body - everything between the opening and closing braces Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 22

Summary • After analyzing a problem, code the algorithm into a program • Desk-check the program to verify that the algorithm was correctly translated • Evaluate and modify if necessary • Program errors can be either: – Syntax: violate a rule of the language – Logic: error in the algorithm Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 23

Summary (continued) • To create and execute a C++ program, you need to have a text editor and a C++ compiler • Source code is C++ instructions you enter • The compiler translates source code into machine code, or object code • Linker produces an executable file containing all of the machine code to run your C++ program Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 24

Summary (continued) • Programs have various components: – Comments – Directives – using statements – Functions Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition 25