CHAPTER 3 BLOOD INTRODUCTION Heart Blood vessels Blood

CHAPTER 3 BLOOD

INTRODUCTION Heart Blood vessels Blood

INTRODUCTION Functions of blood Blood: (7 -8% body weight, 70 -80 ml/kg) 1. Transportation: O 2, CO 2, Nutrition, Excretion, Hormone 2. Regulation: p. H, Temperature 3. Protection: Clotting, Immunization

第一节 血液的组成和理化特性 Body fluid: (60% body weight) Intracellular fluid: 2/3 Extracellular fluid: 1/3 Interstitial fluid: 3/4 Plasma: 1/4 Internal environment = extracellular fluid Homeostasis:

Composition of the blood Blood: Plasma: 水，低分子物质(电解 质、小分子有机化合 物)，蛋白质，气体 Blood cells: Erythrocyte (red blood cell) Leukocyte (white blood cell) Platelet (thrombocyte)

Composition of the blood

Plasma proteins Plasma protein: 60 -80 g/L Albumin: 40 -50 g/L （分子量较小，浓度最高） Globulin: 20 -30 g/L ( 1 -、 2 -、 -、 -globulin) Fibrinogen：（分子量最大，浓度最低） 白蛋白/球蛋白比值降低，临床上提示肝脏疾患 Serum (plasma without fibrinogen)

Plasma proteins

半透膜 渗透压 Na. Cl (1 mol/L+? ) H 2 O Na. Cl (0. 1 mol/L-? ) H 2 O

Summary

Hemopoiesis 造血(Hemopoiesis): 血细胞的生成过程。(自学)

Hemopoietic stem cells

RBC in a capillary

Erythrocyte

Erythrocyte • 红细胞的形态和数量 The shape and count of erythrocyte RBC: 男: 平均5. 0* 1012/L, (4. 5 -5. 5)*1012/L; 女: 平均4. 2* 1012/L, (3. 8 -4. 6)*1012/L; 新生儿: 平均6. 0* 1012/L Hemoglobin: 男: 120 -160 g/L; 女: 110 -150 g/L; 新生儿: 200 g/L(5 d); 最低值(6 m); 逐渐升高（>1 y)

Hemoglobin

Erythrocyte • 红细胞的形态和数量 • 红细胞的生理特征 Physiological characteristics of erythrocyte 1. 细胞膜的通透性 (permeability) 2. 可塑变形性 (plastic deformability): bend or fold

Permeability

Osmosis

Erythropietin

Leukocyte

Hemostasis

Hemostasis

Blood-clotting process

Pathway of blood coagulation

Anticoagulative system v 血液凝固与抗凝 Ø 血液凝固(blood coagulation) Ø 抗凝系统(anticoagulative system) 1. 丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物 2. 蛋白质C系统 3. 组织因子途径抑制物 (TFPI) 4. 肝素(heparin)

Fibrinolysis

Agglutination reaction If red blood cells from one blood type are mixed with antibodies from the plasma of the other blood type, an agglutination reaction occurs. In this reaction, RBC stick together because of antigenantibody binding.

Blood typing Agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells occurs when with A-type antigens are mixed with anti-A antibodies and when cells with B-type antigens are mixed with anti-B antibodies. No agglutination would occur with type O blood (not shown).

Rh blood group

Rh blood group