Chapter 3 Architectural Drafting Equipment Introduction Manual drafting

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Chapter 3 Architectural Drafting Equipment

Chapter 3 Architectural Drafting Equipment

Introduction • Manual drafting – Term used to describe traditional pencil or ink drafting

Introduction • Manual drafting – Term used to describe traditional pencil or ink drafting – Tools and equipment • Available from a number of vendors • Always purchase high-quality equipment for accuracy and durability

Drafting Supplies • Purchased by kit or individually • Minimum needed for manual drafting:

Drafting Supplies • Purchased by kit or individually • Minimum needed for manual drafting: – Mechanical leader • With 4 H, 2 H, H, and F grade leads – 0. 3 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 4 H, 2 H, and H leads – One 0. 5 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 4 H, 2 H, and F leads

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – 0.

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – 0. 7 mm automatic drafting pencil • With 2 H, H, and F leads – 0. 9 mm automatic drafting pencil • With H, F, and HB leads – Lead sharpener – 6" bow compass – Dividers

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Eraser

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Eraser – Erasing shield – 30°− 60° triangle – 45° triangle – Irregular curve – Adjustable triangle (optional)

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Scales

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Scales – Drafting tape – Architectural floor plan template for residential plans, with 1/4" = 1'− 0" scale – Circle template with small holes – Lettering guide

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Sandpaper

Drafting Supplies (cont’d. ) • Minimum needed for manual drafting (cont’d. ): – Sandpaper sharpening pad – Dusting brush • Additional equipment: – Technical pen set and drafting ink – Lettering and drafting templates – Drafting furniture

Drafting Pencils and Leads • Mechanical pencils – Requires lead to be manually inserted

Drafting Pencils and Leads • Mechanical pencils – Requires lead to be manually inserted • Automatic pencils – Has a lead chamber that, at the push of a button or tab, advances the lead • Lead grades – Several available • Selection depends on pressure amount and technique factors

Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d. ) • Polyester leads – Used to draw on

Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d. ) • Polyester leads – Used to draw on polyester film • Colored leads – Have special uses • Technical pens – Provide excellent inked lines

Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d. ) • Basic pencil motions – Mechanical pencils •

Drafting Pencils and Leads (cont’d. ) • Basic pencil motions – Mechanical pencils • • Kept sharp with a slightly rounded point Keep aligned with drafting instrument, tilted about 45° Always pull the pencil Keep lines uniform in width (rotation and pressure) – Automatic pencils • Keep straight from side to side, tilted about 40°

Erasers and Accessories • Erasers used for drafting – White pencil eraser – Pink

Erasers and Accessories • Erasers used for drafting – White pencil eraser – Pink pencil eraser – Soft-green or soft-pink pencil eraser – Kneaded eraser – Vinyl eraser – India ink refill eraser

Erasers and Accessories (cont’d. ) • Erasing tips – Erase only hard enough to

Erasers and Accessories (cont’d. ) • Erasing tips – Erase only hard enough to remove unwanted feature • Ghost lines result from hard pressure • Work slowly • Do not apply too much pressure or erase in one spot too long • On polyester film, use a vinyl eraser and/or a moist cotton swab

Erasers and Accessories (cont’d. ) • Electrical erasers – Erase quickly at high speed

Erasers and Accessories (cont’d. ) • Electrical erasers – Erase quickly at high speed • Erasing shields – Thin sheets with slots and holes • Cleaning agents – Special eraser particles • Dusting brushes – Removes eraser particles

Drafting Instruments • Compasses – Used to draw circles and arcs • Drop-bow •

Drafting Instruments • Compasses – Used to draw circles and arcs • Drop-bow • Center-wheel • Beam • Dividers – Used to transfer dimensions or to divide a distance into a number of equal parts • Proportional dividers

Drafting Instruments (cont’d. ) • Parallel bar – Used to draw horizontal lines •

Drafting Instruments (cont’d. ) • Parallel bar – Used to draw horizontal lines • Triangles – Used to draw angled lines • Architectural templates – Used for tracing • Irregular curves (i. e. , French curves) – Used to draw arcs with no constant radii

Drafting Machines • Used in place of triangles and parallel bars – Arm drafting

Drafting Machines • Used in place of triangles and parallel bars – Arm drafting machine – Track drafting machine • Drafting machine head – Contains controls for horizontal, vertical, and angular movement

Drafting Machines (cont’d. )

Drafting Machines (cont’d. )

Scales • Used for: – Making measurements – Establishing dimensions – Drawing features at

Scales • Used for: – Making measurements – Establishing dimensions – Drawing features at reduced size • Scale notation: – Usually noted on title block or below the view differing in scale

Scales (cont’d. ) • Types: – Metric scale • Millimeter is commonly used –

Scales (cont’d. ) • Types: – Metric scale • Millimeter is commonly used – Architects scale • Contains 11 different scales – Civil engineer’s scale • Commonly used to draw site plans, maps, or subdivision plats or to read existing land documents

Protractors • Used when: – A drafting machine is not used – Combining triangles

Protractors • Used when: – A drafting machine is not used – Combining triangles does not provide enough flexibility for drawing angles – Measuring angles within ½°