Chapter 3 Applications of the Basic Equations 3

Chapter 3. Applications of the Basic Equations 3. 1 Isobaric Coordinates 3 Reinisch_85. 515 1

Horizontal Momentum Equation 3 Reinisch_85. 515 2

Total Derivative 3 Reinisch_85. 515 3

Geostrophic Relations 3 Reinisch_85. 515 4

3. 1. 2 Continuity Equation In Isobaric Coordinate System 3 Reinisch_85. 515 5

3. 2 Balanced Flow 3 Reinisch_85. 515 6

Several Types of Balanced Flow Name Approximation Balance Geostrophic Flow Inertial Flow Cyclostrophic. Flow Gradient Wind 3 Reinisch_85. 515 7

3. 2. 1 Natural Coordinate System n s(x, y, t) ds t streamlines 3 Reinisch_85. 515 8

Acceleration in Natural Coordinates change of speed along s 3 centripetal acceleration Reinisch_85. 515 9

Coriolis Force in Natural Coordinates 3 Reinisch_85. 515 10

3. 2. 2 Geostrophic Flow FPG Vg d. F F=F 0 - 3 F=F 0 FCo Reinisch_85. 515 11

3. 2. 3 “Inertial” Flow (F=const) 3 Reinisch_85. 515 12

Period of Inertial Oscillation 3 Reinisch_85. 515 13

3. 2. 4 Cyclostrophic Flow (Fco 0) 3 Reinisch_85. 515 14

Tornado, An Example Of Cyclostrophic Flow 3 Reinisch_85. 515 15

3. 2. 5 Gradient Wind ( 3 Reinisch_85. 515 ) 16

Speed of the Gradient Wind 3 Reinisch_85. 515 17

3. 3 Trajectories and Streamlines 3 Reinisch_85. 515 18

3 Reinisch_85. 515 19

Radius of Curvature 3 Reinisch_85. 515 20

3. 4 Thermal Wind 3 Reinisch_85. 515 21

Vertical Wind Shear 3 Reinisch_85. 515 22

Vertical Wind Shear 3 Reinisch_85. 515 23