CHAPTER 3 AINT IS AINT IN THE DICTIONARY

CHAPTER 3 AIN’T IS AIN’T IN THE DICTIONARY ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

After completing Chapter 3, you will Use dictionaries efficiently Understand the information in dictionaries Choose the best dictionaries for your needs Develop a dictionary “habit” English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

So who compiles dictionaries? They scour the world’s… English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

trade journals, books, brochures magazines radio and TV speeches and programs conversations spellings for meanings pronunciations English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith new words new meanings for old words © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Dictionaries describe how English is used, including slang Gnarly dude! street language and other non-Standard words AIN’T has been in some dictionaries since 1951! English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Dictionaries don’t prescribe how to use words They just inform you how words are used… • Standard (as in business) English • Non-Standard (as in informal, slang, even vulgar) English It’s up to YOU to make intelligent and appropriate word choices! English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

The dictionary helps you decide. So does your textbook, which focuses on Standard American English (rather than English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith British) © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

In fact, English is now used worldwide Various countries have their own varieties English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

If you’re Under your writing and desk? you can’t No! think of the right word, Unless that’s where you should you keep your look for inspiration? English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

It may sound like a type of dinosaur, but the will give you synonyms, antonyms, and other related words. English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Dictionaries and thesauruses are available in print and electronically (CD, Internet) The latest edition will have the most current words. Can you identify these printed versions? • Abridged • Pocket • College • Encyclopedic • Unabridged • Combination English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith • Contains dictionary and thesaurus • Includes general information • Definitions are tailored to user • Fewer entries but easy to carry • Current, informative; at least 100, 000 words including new ones • All the words lexicographers feel merit inclusion; at least 250, 000 © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Now see if you can identify various sections (or parts) of a dictionary… English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

• Front matter • Appendixes • Index • Entries • Etymology • Usage label • Run-ins • Guide words English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith • Everything after the last Z word • Everything before the first A word • Part of the front matter • History of a word • Context in which the word is used • All words from A-Z • Show alphabetical range of page • Words derived from entry word © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Did you know… English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

• Some words have more than one correct spelling • The dictionary will show them joined by “or” Avoid! the. ater or the. atre • The spelling shown first is seen more often • It is considered the “preferred” spelling Use the preferred spelling in business This prevents distracting your reader • When “also” precedes a second spelling, the second one is less acceptable Avoid using the second one in business writing lovable also loveable Avoid! English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

• If second spellings are shown as separate entries, they are NOT the preferred form. They may be non-Standard or disputed One good example is the word alright • The dictionary also clarifies compound words or words requiring hyphens hand-me-down apple pie English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith nationwide recover (get well) or re -cover (cover again) © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

These are commonly misspelled words. Are they spelled correctly here? accommodate recommend priviledge Yes! 2 c’s, 2 m’s Yes! re+commend No! privilege (has a leg in it) bachelor Yes! Has ache in it (sad to be single: -) seperate No! separate (Pa is in middle) wierd No! We are weird English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Dictionaries use codes. Here are possible examples for the word interpret Syllables -- in. ter. pret Pronunciation -- in-'t&r-pr&t, -p&t Definitions -- to explain or construe meaning Parts of speech -- n adj. conj. vt. vi Etymology -- Middle English, French, & Latin Usage, style, or field labels -- none for interpret Synonyms -- discern English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Can you find spelling errors? In February, Febuary, I ordered catologs catalogs your designer of you’re desiner furnature, furniture, but you still have’nt cent them. If haven’t sent their they’re not available, tell me watt reccomend I do, due, what you recommend because it’s its very dissapointing. disappointing. English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

You have befriended your dictionary and thesaurus English for Careers, 9 th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458