Chapter 29 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Lesson 2 Common

Chapter 29 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Lesson 2: Common STDs and their Treatments Grade 12 Age 18 Sera Iyanoye Lindsey Farrington Queendoline Ekpo

Myths or Facts A vaccine can prevent the spread of STDs n You can have only on type of STD at a time n Some types of STDs are incurable and last a lifetime n You can get STDs only if you have lots of sexual partners n

Myth or Facts Once infected with an STD, you cannot get it again n You can still have an STD, even if the symptoms go away n

What is it? Sexually transmitted disease n Viral n Bacteria n Parasites n

Who is at risk? YOU

Scabies n n n Microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei infection of the skin Affects people of races and ages Transmission n n Direct skin to skin contact with a person infected Sharing clothes, towels and bedding Up to a month on human body 48 -72 hours away from human body

Scabies Symptoms n Pimple-like irritations n Intense itching, especially at night and over most of the body n Sores on the body caused by scratching. These sores can sometimes become infected with bacteria

Scabies Treatment n Special lotions prescribed by doctors n All clothes should be washed with hot water n Proper showers should be taken n Every body in contact with infected person should be treated

Pubic lice n n n Pubic lice are parasitic insects found in the genital areas of human It is commonly known as crabs due to its shape Transmission n n Usually spread through sexual contact Rarely spread through contact with infected person bed linens, towels, or clothes

Pubic lice Where is it found? Pubic hair on genital area n Hair on legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows or eyelashes n Found on eyebrow or eyelashes in young children n SIGNS; Itching in the genital area. n Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice n

Pubic lice n Symptoms Itching in the genital area n Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice n n Treatment Pediculicide (1%): prescription n Lindane (1%): non prescription n For lice on eyebrows or eyelashes, remove with fingernails or an ophthalmic grade petroleum ointment available by prescription n

Gonorrhea n Transmission n Penis, vagina, anus, mouth, with or without ejaculation Mother to baby during pregnancy and childbirth 700, 000 new infection/year

Gonorrhea Men’s Symptoms n Burning sensation when urinating n Discharge of penis n Itching n Painful or swollen testicles Women’s Symptoms n Burning sensation when urinating n Vaginal bleeding between periods n Increased vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea Opportunistic Infections Women pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) n infertility n Men Epididymitis n infertility n Connections with Chlamydia n

Gonorrhea Treatment Antibiotics can cure Gonorrhea n Treatments will stop infections, not fix permanent damage n Re-infection is possible! n

Chlamydia n n n Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis 2. 8 million infected each year Symptoms n n n Same as gonorrhea Burning sensation while urinating Unusual discharges from genitals

Chlamydia Treatment Cured with antibiotics n Left untreated ; PID (40% of women), permanent damage to fallopian tubes, uterus, infertility n Men: complications are rare, sterility might occur n

Syphilis Bacterium Treponema pallidum n In the USA over 32, 000 cases including 6, 862 primary and secondary (P&S) cases in 2002 n Between 2001 and 2002, the # of reported P&S syphilis increase 12. 4 percent n Rates in men are 3. 5 times more that women n Rates highest in women 20 to 24 years old, men between 35 -39 years n Highest rates are found in southern states

Syphilis Transmission Direct contact with syphilis sore n During vaginal, and oral sex n Sores occur mainly on vagina, anus, or in the rectum n Sores can occur on lips and in the mouth n Many sores are unrecognized, thus most transmission is from person unaware of infection n

Syphilis Primary Stage Symptoms n n n Appearance of chancres Time between infection and symptoms might range from 10 to 90 days Chancre last 3 to 6 weeks, and heals without treatment. If untreated progresses to secondary stage

Syphilis Secondary Stage. Symptoms n n n Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions Rashes can appear as chancre is healing or weeks after chancre heals Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headache, weight loss, muscle ache and fatigue

Syphilis Late stage. Symptoms Hidden stage leads to damage to internal organs like hear, eyes, nerves, brain, liver, blood vessels, bones and joints n Difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness Gradual blindness, and dementia n DEATH! n

Syphilis Treatment Single penicillin injection will cure infections that are less than a year Additional dosage needed for infection more than a year n Treatment will kill bacteria but not repair damage n Re-infection is possible! n

Trichomoniasis Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis n 7. 4 million new cases each year n Symptoms n Women: frothy yellow green vaginal discharge with strong odor, itching in genitals, pain during urination or intercourse n Men: slight burning after urination or ejaculation, mild discharge n

Trichomoniasis Treatment n Curable with prescribed antibiotics

HIV/AIDS HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus n HIV is the virus that causes AIDS n AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome n Disease that destroys the body’s immune system, leaving a person susceptible for lifethreatening illnesses n

HIV/AIDS Transmission n Fluids: vaginal, semen, breast milk, blood n Sexual contact with an infected person n Sharing needles (shooting drugs) with infected person n Mother to baby during pregnancy

HIV/AIDS Symptoms n Dry cough n Shortness of breath n Weight loss n Pink/purple blotches on or under the skin n Persistent vaginal yeast infections n n Fever, chills, night sweats Swollen glands in neck, armpits, groin areas Frequent diarrhea Mouth sores

HIV/AIDS Treatments n No known cure, although there are drugs that can slow the progress of HIV n There also drugs that can prevent or treat opportunistic infections

HIV/AIDS Opportunistic Infections n Infections that occur as result of weak immune system caused by HIV

HPV n Human Papillomavirus n n 20 million people infected Low risk n n n Genital wart of the anus, cervix, vagina, vulva, penis High Risk Can lead to cancers of the penis, vulva, cervix, vagina

HPV Transmission n Skin to skin contact

HPV Symptoms n There are no symptoms although warts may be present n Treatments There is no cure for HPV, but there is treatment for genital warts n Warts can be removed by freezing, burning, laser treatment n The body can naturally rid itself of the virus n

Herpes n What is Herpes? n Virus that causes outbreaks of skin blisters and sores in genital area

Herpes Symptoms n Tingling, burning, pain in genital area n n Difficult or painful urination Red areas on genitals from blister bursting

Herpes Transmission n Sexual contact with person who has it n Touching infected area of someone who has it n Can be spread even if symptoms are not present n Can spread during childbirth

Herpes n There is no known cure n Medications can reduce the number of outbreaks

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Preventions and risk reductions of STD. n n Abstinence (100% safe) Talking to partners about HIV/AIDS and other STDs Practicing safer sex Not sharing needles

Any Questions?