Chapter 27 THE COLD WAR YALTA CONFERENCE FEBRUARY
Chapter 27 THE COLD WAR
YALTA CONFERENCE *FEBRUARY 4 -11 1945 *CRIMEAN PENNINSULA *CHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT, STALIN
Yalta
YALTA AGREEMENTS • UN • FREE ELECTIONS • COALITION GOVERNMENT IN POLAND • GERMANY – 4 ZONES
Potsdam
• SOVIETS REFUSE POLAND COALITION • ADJUST BORDER OF GERMANY AND POLAND • TRUMAN REFUSES SOVIET REPARATIONS FROM ALLIED ZONES
Berlin Airlift June 24 1948 – May 12 1949 “Operation Vittles”
May 1949 - German Federal Republic established October 1949 - German Democratic Republic established
Chiang Kai Shek
Henry Luce
Paul Muni and Luise Rainer
Mao Zedong
CONTAINMENT • GEORGE F. KENNAN • STOP SPREAD OF COMMUNISM • THEORY-IF COMMUNISM CAN’T GROW, IT WILL DIE
George Kennan “X”
Domino Theory
TRUMAN DOCTRINE • US SUPPORT ANYONE FIGHTING COMMUNISM • $400 MILLION TO TURKEY AND GREECE • EXAMPLE OF CONTAINMENT
MARSHALL PLAN • GEORGE C. MARSHALL SECRETARY OF STATE • JUNE 1947 • ECONOMIC AID TO REBUILD EUROPE • $12 BILLION
Theory: prosperous countries do not become communist
George Marshall
1949 NATO set up with 12 countries Soviets counter with Warsaw Pact
Post war economy No new Depression Inflation at 15% for 2 years
Labor Unrest Mine & Railroad workers strike Truman threatens to seize mines and draft miners
Vets returning home want their jobs Women and minorities want to keep theirs GI Bill-economic & educational assistance
Truman attempts to pass “Fair Deal” Minimum wage 40¢ to 65 ¢ Public housing National health Care Voted down by Congress
Off-year Election of 1946 “Had Enough? ” Republicans get control of Congress
Mr. Republican Robert Taft
Advice to people complaining about high food prices: “Eat Less”
The new congress: Passes tax cuts for rich Cuts: aid for education energy projects in West minimum wage
Taft-Hartley *illegal to have closed shop *Pres. can call a cooling off period before a strike
1948 Election Republicans nominate Thomas Dewey
Democrats Harry S. Truman
South walks out over Civil Rights plank in platform Dixiecrats Strom Thurmond
Liberals walk out and form Progressive Party Henry Wallace
Polls stopped in September because Dewey was so far ahead Newsweek cover October 11: “ 50 political experts predict Dewey victory”
Fair Deal part II *Minimum wage 40¢ to 75 ¢ *Social Security benefits increased *National Housing Act
Congress won’t pass: *National Health Care *Aid for education *Civil Rights -Federal law against lynching -abolish poll tax -protect voting rights -Fair Employment Practices
Truman ends segregation: *in armed forces *in government hiring *Gets Justice Dept. involved in discrimination cases
Nuclear Age
Duck and Cover
Korea
Mac is Back! Big Mac
Are You Pink? The Red Scare or
Causes: *Loss of China *Stalemate in Korea *Commies get the bomb
Mc. Carren Act 1950 *Communist groups must register with the gov. *Arrest w/o proof individuals suspected of being disloyal
H ouse U n-American A ctivities C ommittee
Congress begins to investigate clear source of Communist propaganda Hollywood
Hollywood Ten
Leonard Bernstein Aaron Copland
Zero Mostel Arthur Miller
Orson Wells Burl Ives
Charlie Chaplin Lionel Stander
Only 10% of those blacklisted are able to revive their careers
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Congress investigates to find out who “lost China” Call in anyone who made negative comment about Chaing or said Commies could win
Joseph Mc. Carthy – Senator from Wisconsin Vet of WWII “Tail gunner Joe”
February of 1950 gives a speech stating he had the names of 205 communists in the government
Mc. Carthy will continue to make any charge against any individual He has no concern about evidence, he just wants to make headlines
i t c e l E f o on 2 5 19
Republicans: Mr. Republican Robert Taft wants the nomination Republicans love Taft but love winning more
Nominate Dwight David Eisenhower Why?
I won the war!!!
Democrats: Truman decides not to run again Turn to Adlai Stevenson, Governor of Illinois
Republican VP: Richard Nixon
Nixon is accused of having a private slush fund for party supporters To save his spot on the ticket he gives the “Checkers Speech”
Joe Mc. Carthy does not stop because there is a Republican President
Joe Mc. Carthy & Roy Cohen
Edward R. Murrow
Time cover story on the Murrow Broadcast
Joe takes on the US Army
Army/Mc. Carthy Hearings Joseph Welch
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