Chapter 27 Nationalism and Revolutions Nationalism and Revolutions

Chapter 27 Nationalism and Revolutions

Nationalism and Revolutions n During and after World War I many nations rise up to claim their independence.

Mexico n n n n Ruled for 35 years by a President/Dictator. Want Democracy, and foreign companies out of their country. Revolution Chart pg 853. Lead by urban middle class wanting democracy. Constitution created for Mexico. PRI (Ind. Rev. Party) takes over for 70 years. Great depression causes people to lose faith in the ideas of a liberal (free) government.

Africa n n n Almost all of Africa under European rule. Apartheid ensures white political and social supremacy. Pride in their culture (Pan-Africanism) and freedom stir resistance. Pride spreads and revolutions will happen (later). Impacts even America. (Cosby Show)

Turkey and Persia n n n Mustafa Kemal (AKA Ataturk) overthrows the government and declares Turkey a republic. Separates religion from government. Reza Khan in Persia (Iran) does the same.

Middle East n n Oil in the Middle East after WWI becomes very valuable, European nations move in. During WWI Allies promise land to Arabs in Palestine, after the war Britain says they will set up a Jewish nation in Palestine (Jews call it Israel). War over this land still going on today.

India n n India ruled by Britain. Amristar Massacre convinces Indians they needed to govern themselves. Gandhi is influenced by Henry David Thoreau to practice “civil disobedience”. Gandhi preaches that the power of love can change wrongdoers.

India n n n Gandhi also tells people to boycott British goods. Salt March. Gandhi beaten, imprisoned and goes on a hunger strike. This convinces the world Britain is wrong. India gains it’s independence.

China n n n China very weak. May Fourth Movement – wants to strengthen China by learning from the West. Civil War Guomindang vs. Communists. In 1927 Guomindang slaughter communists starts a civil war that lasts 22 years. Communists (supported by the Soviet Union) win over the people and eventually win the war.

Japan n After WWI Japan becomes an industrial power. Japan wants to expand. Use schools to teach absolute obedience to emperor and country. When WWII breaks out Japan becomes allies with two other countries looking to expand, Germany and Italy.