Chapter 26 Unit 4 Nationalism Grows By 1890

Chapter 26 Unit 4

Nationalism Grows • By 1890 Germany & U. S. surpass Great Britain as industrial powers • “Nations” want to outdo one another • Nationalism becomes the most influential idea of 19 th century

Unity or Division? • Language creates national identity/unity • BUT – can still be divided by religion, etc. – Great Britain & United States • Idea of drawing state boundaries to accommodate these differences was revolutionary • In Italy & Germany – united the people • In central & eastern Europe – divided the people

• Liberalism (19 th c) – Came out of French Rev. – Sovereignty of the people, constitutional government, national parliament, & freedom of expression – Idea to bring nationhood to repressed peoples – Led to failed Revolutions of 1848 • Conservativism (19 th c) – Preferred tradition – Didn’t mind constitutional monarchy – Typically upper class – Preserve social status quo – Did approve of public education & universal military service – Favored national unity

Prince Metternich 1815: “We have redrawn Europe’s map for eternity. ”

Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet” Italian unification movement: PM formed alliance with France & instigated war with Austria (which controlled 2 Italian provinces) other Italian provinces wanted to join since they had a constitutional monarchy

Austro-Sardinian War, 1859

Austro-Prussian War, 1866 Austria loses control of Venetia is annexed to Italy

Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour

French Troops Leave Rome, 1870 Italy is united! Showed that nationalism shifted from a radical democratic to a conservative method of building popular support

The Kingdom of Italy: 1871 What problems still remain for Italy?

Prussia/Austria Rivalry

Advantages of Prussia • Industries in the Rhineland • Army using railroads, telegraphs, steel artillery, etc.

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Chancellor Otto von Bismarck “Blood & Iron”

The North German Confederation the “nucleus” of a future Germany

Franco-Prussian War [1870 -1871] • Prussia attacked France • Prussia wanted territory of Lorraine because people spoke German • France said they considered themselves French

Treaty of Frankfurt [1871] Second French Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Third French Empire Italians took Rome and made it their capital Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War] France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany Iron Textile industry

Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I [r. 1871– 1888]

German Imperial Flag German for “Empire. ”

Nationalism after 1871 • France became more liberal • Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Russia became more conservative • Governments in general saw advantages of an educated population – Public schools – Public jobs for women – Unification through language (Spain, Russia, U. S. )

Differing Nationalities in the Austrian Empire

Austrian Imperial Flag

The Compromise of 1867: The Dual Monarchy Austria. Hungary The Hungarian Flag