CHAPTER 25 The reach of IMPERIALISM LESSON 2

CHAPTER 25 The reach of IMPERIALISM LESSON 2 Empire Building In Africa

Empire Building in Africa Before 1880, very little of Africa was controlled by Europeans directly By 1900 - Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain & Portugal had almost all of Africa under European rule

Egypt 1) 1805 – Gained independence from the Ottoman Empire Leader Muhammad Ali brought many reforms & modernizations 2) Egypt increased in importance because of the Nile Valley’s value

Egypt 3) 1869 – Suez Canal completed: connected the Mediterranean Sea & the Red Sea *Value: greatly shortened the distance between Europe & India

Egypt 4) Great Britain – knew the importance of the Canal Zone & they bought Egypt’s interest in the Canal in 1875 By 1914, Egypt was a British protectorate

What formed the core concept of communism & socialism The Communist Manifesto

Berlin Conference European countries met in 1884 -1885 in Berlin

Berlin Conference *The Berlin Conference divided the African territories between the European powers There were no African representatives

South Africa 1) Boers (or Africaners) – descendants of the 1 st Dutch people who settled in & around Cape town in S. Africa since the 17 th century They believed that white superiority was ordained by God They denied native (indigenous) people any place in their society

South Africa 2) Zulu – native people in the area had a great empire in the area under their leader, Shaka They were finally defeated when the British came to take over after gold & diamond discoveries

South Africa 3. Boer War (1899 -1902) – war between the Boers & the British Fighting was fierce, but eventually, the larger British army won

South Africa 4. Union of South Africa–created in 1910 Combined British territory & the Boer republics into a self-governing nation within the British Empire Only whites & the few Africans with property could vote

What did Karl Marx believe a final revolution would produce? Class-less society

Empire Building in Africa All except two remained free Liberia (created as a homeland formerly enslaved person from the U. S. ) Ethiopia remained free state

African Nationalism was on the rise for numerous reasons: 1) New class of leaders which were educated in the west 2) They introduced new ideas to their societies

African Nationalism 3) Western rulers were hypocritical about enlightenment values – did not grant them to colonies 4) Native people could only have low paying jobs in colonialgovernment (and were paid lower than Europeans for the same jobs)

African Nationalism 5) Europeans assumed superiority over the Africans & forced segregation in schools, churches, etc 6) Educated Africans found many elements of Western culture superior to their own BUT – they fiercely hated colonial rule

7) After 1900, much of the resentment led to action as the African people began to organize toward independence & self-government