Chapter 25 The Digestive System Power Point Lecture

Chapter 25 The Digestive System Power. Point® Lecture Slides prepared by Jason La. Pres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Introduction §The digestive system consists of the muscular digestive tract and various accessory organs. §Functions of digestive system: § § § § Ingestion Mechanical processing Digestion Secretion Absorption Excretion Compaction Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System §Major layers of the digestive tract include § § Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 1 Components of the Digestive System Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 2 a Histological Structure of the Digestive Tract Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 2 b Histological Structure of the Digestive Tract: (b) Photomicrograph of Ileum Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 3 a Peristalsis and Segmentation Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 3 Peristalsis and Segmentation Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 4 a Mesenteries: (a) Embryonic Development of the Digestive Tube Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 4 b Mesenteries: (b) Sagittal Section, Showing Adult Mesenteries Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 4 c Mesenteries: (c) Mesentery Attachments, Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

An Overview of the Digestive System Figure 25. 4 d Mesenteries (d) Organization of Mesenteries, Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity § The oral cavity includes: § § The tongue Salivary glands Teeth Mastication §Functions of the oral cavity: § Analyzes material before swallowing § Mechanical processing of food through the actions of teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces § Lubrication § Limited digestion of carbohydrates by a salivary enzyme Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 5 The Oral Cavity Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 6 a The Salivary Glands: (a) Lateral View with Left Mandibular Body and Ramus Removed Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 6 b The Salivary Glands (b) Salivary Gland Histology Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 7 a Teeth: (a) Tooth, Sectional View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 7 d Teeth: (d) Deciduous Teeth Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 7 c Teeth: (c) Adult Teeth, Upper and Lower Jaws Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 7 b Teeth: (b) Adult Upper and Lower Teeth Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Oral Cavity Figure 25. 7 e Teeth: (e) Mandible and Maxillary Bones with Unerupted Teeth Exposed Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Pharynx § Muscles involved in swallowing: § Pharyngeal constrictors push the bolus toward theesophagus. § Palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus muscles elevate the larynx. § The palatal muscles raise the soft palate. §The swallowing process: § Buccal phase § Pharyngeal phase § Esophageal phase Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Pharynx Figure 25. 8 a, b The Swallowing Process Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Pharynx Figure 25. 8 c, d The Swallowing Process Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Pharynx Figure 25. 8 e, f, g, h The Swallowing Process Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Esophagus § Muscular tube that transports food and liquid to the stomach §Connects the pharynx to the stomach § Superior portion is skeletal muscle § Inferior portion is smooth muscle Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Esophagus Figure 25. 9 Histology of the Esophagus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach § Three major functions: § Stores bulk amounts of ingested food § Mechanically breaks down ingested food § Chemically digests ingested food §Four regions: § § Cardia Fundus Body Pylorus § Three layers of muscle § Highly specialized mucosa Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 10 a The Stomach and Omenta: (a) Stomach, Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 10 b, c The Stomach and Omenta: (b, c) Radiographs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 11 a Gross Anatomy of the Stomach: (a) Stomach, Anterior View Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 11 b Gross Anatomy of the Stomach: (b) Anterior View of the Stomach and Adjacent Organs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 12 Abdominal Regions and Planes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 13 a, c, d Histology of the Stomach Wall Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Stomach Figure 25. 13 b, e, f Histology of the Stomach Wall Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Small Intestine § Plays primary role in the digestion and absorption of food § Three anatomical regions: § Duodenum— the “mixing bowl” § Jejunum— where the bulk of digestion and absorption occurs § Ileum— materials flow through here into large intestine Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Small Intestine Figure 25. 14 Regions of the Small Intestine Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Small Intestine Figure 25. 15 a, b, c Histology of the Intestinal Wall Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Small Intestine Figure 25. 15 d, e Histology of the Intestinal Wall Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Small Intestine Figure 25. 16 Regions of the Small Intestine Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Large Intestine § Often called the large bowel § Functions include: § Reabsorb water and compact feces § Absorption of important minerals by bacteria § Storage site for feces before defecation § Three regions: § The cecum § The colon § The rectum Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Large Intestine Figure 25. 17 The Large Intestine Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Large Intestine Figure 25. 18 Anterior/Posterior Radiograph of the Colon Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Large Intestine Figure 25. 19 The Wall of the Large Intestine Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

The Large Intestine Figure 25. 24 Inflammation of the Colon, as Seen by Colonoscopy Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs § Liver § Bile production § Gallbladder § Bile storage and concentration § Pancreas § Enzyme production and secretion Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 20 a, b Anatomy of the Liver Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 20 c, d, e Anatomy of the Liver Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 20 f Anatomy of the Liver Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 21 a Liver Histology: (a) Lobular Organization Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 21 b, c Liver Histology: (b) Liver Lobules and; (c) Portal Area Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 22 The Gallbladder and Associated Bile Ducts Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 23 The Pancreas Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Accessory Glandular Digestive Organs Figure 25. 23 The Pancreas Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Aging and the Digestive System § The rate of epithelial stem cell division declines. § Smooth muscle tone decreases. § The effects of cumulative damage become apparent. § Cancer rates increase. § Changes in other systems have direct or indirect effects on the digestive system. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings