CHAPTER 25 SECTION 3 THE WAR IN THE

CHAPTER 25 SECTION 3 THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC

WAR IN THE PACIFIC • IN FIRST SIX MONTHS AFTER PEARL HARBOR, JAPAN TAKES OVER INDIES, GUAM, WAKE ISLAND, SOLOMON ISLANDS, ALEUTIAN CHAIN (PART OF ALSAKA), THAILAND, BURMA, ETC • DEC 1941 JAPAN GOES FOR PHILIPPINES, GEN. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR IN CHARGE FOR US (ALLIED FORCES), BATTLE FOR CONTROL OF ISLAND • MARCH 11, 1942 US FORCED TO GIVE UP CONTROL OF PHILIPPINES • BATAAN DEATH MARCH • MACARTHUR PROMISES TO RETURN

AMERICA TURNS TO JAPAN • BEGINS WITH THE DOOLITTLE RAIDS LED BY LT COLONEL JAMES DOOLITTLE • RAIDS ON TOKYO AND OTHER JAPANESE CITIES WITH 16 BOMBERS • BEGINS TO LIFE AMERICAN SPIRITS • “TOKYO BOMBED! DOOLITTLE DO-OD IT” • BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA • THE AUSTRALIAN AND AMERICAN ENDEAVOR TO STOP JAPANESE INVASION TO AUSTRALIA • 5 DAY BATTLE • COMPLETED BY AIRCRAFT AND AIR CRAFT

THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY • AFTER JAPANESE FAILURE TOWARDS AUSTRALIA THEY TURN TO MIDWAY ISLAND • ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ WAS THE NAVAL COMMANDER DEFENDING THE ISLAND • SCOUT PLANES FOUND THE JAPANESE FLEET AFTER AMERICANS HAD BROKEN THEIR CODE • TORPEDO PLANES AND DIVE BOMBERS SURPRISED THE JAPANESE WITH AN ATTACK • JAPANESE LOST 4 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, CRUISER AND 250 AIRPLANES • CONSIDERED THE TURNING POINT OF THE PACIFIC WAR

ISLAND HOPPING • ALLIES PLAN FOR WINNING IN PACIFIC IS ISLAND HOPPING, GO FROM ISLAND TO ISLAND RECAPTURING FROM JAPAN AND END UP AT JAPAN • AUG 1942, (FIRST BATTLE) AT GUADALCANAL IN SOLOMON ISLANDS. MARKS JAPAN’S FIRST DEFEAT ON LAND • OCT 1944, GEN. MACARTHUR RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES TO RECLAIM FOR US, BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF, US WINS

AMERICA TURNS OFFENSIVE • AMERICA LANDS ON GUADALCANAL • BECAME THE FIRST JAPANESE DEFEAT ON LAND • JAPANESE CALLED IT THE “ISLAND OF DEATH” • GENERAL MACARTHUR RETURNS TO THE PHILIPPINES AND TAKES IT BACK OVER AS WELL • JAPANESE TURN TO KAMIKAZES (SANK 16, DAMAGING 80)

IWO JIMA • FROM THE PHILIPPINES AMERICA MOVED TO IWO JIMA • AMERICA NEEDED TO TAKE IWO JIMA AND USE IT AS A BASE TO FLY OUT BOMBERS • JAPAN HEAVILY DEFENDED THE ISLAND WITH 20, 700 TROOPS • 6, 000 AMERICANS DIED TAKING THE ISLAND, THE GREATEST NUMBER IN THE PACIFIC

THE BATTLE FOR OKINAWA • OKINAWA IS THE JAPANESE LAST DEFENSE • JAPANESE ORDERED 1, 900 KAMIKAZE ATTACKS (SUNK 30, DAMAGED 300 MORE, KILLED 5, 000) • INVASION STARTED IN APRIL, ENDING IN JUNE • 7, 600 AMERICANS DIED • 110, 000 JAPANESE DIED

HOW WILL THE WAR END • THE MANHATTAN PROJECT • LED BY J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER • ONLY 600, 000 AMERICANS WERE INVOLVED, KEPT SECRET • FIRST TEST OF THE BOMB WAS IN JULY 1945 IN NM • PRESIDENT TRUMAN DECIDED TO DROP TWO BOMBS, JAPANESE WERE WARNED • FIRST BOMB DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA AUGUST 6 “LITTLE BOY” • SECOND BOMB DROPPED ON NAGASAKI AUGUST 6 “FAT MAN” AFTER REFUSAL TO SURRENDER • SEPTEMBER 2 ND ON THE U. S. S. MISSOURI EMPEROR

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AFTER THE WAR • REBUILDING BEGINS AT THE YALTA CONFERENCE • YALTA IS IN THE SOVIET UNION, STALIN, TRUMAN, AND CHURCHILL MET TO TALK ABOUT GERMANY • STALIN WANTS A HARSH PUNISHMENT • CHURCHILL DISAGREED • TRUMAN ACTED AS A MEDIATOR • HE WANTS TO KEEP STALIN HAPPY • NEEDS HIM IN THE PACIFIC THEATRE • WANTS STALIN TO JOIN A PEACE CONFERENCE (UNITED NATIONS)

TERMS OF THE CONFERENCE • GERMANY WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR AREAS (ONE FOR FRENCH, GB, AMERICA, AND SOVIETS) • LATER TO REUNITE GERMANY • STALIN WOULD JOIN PACIFIC THEATRE WAR AND UNITED NATIONS • STALIN ALSO PROVIDED FOR ELECTIONS IN POLAND OTHER SOVIET OCCUPIED COUNTRIES

NUREMBURG TRIALS • HITLER'S DEATH CAMPS GOT GERMANY INTO TROUBLE • 24 SURVIVING NAZI LEADERS FACED TRIAL FOR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY • INCLUDED HITLER'S MOST TRUSTED OFFICIALS, GOVERNMENT MINISTERS, MILITARY LEADERS, AND INDUSTRY LEADERS • 12 OF THE 24 WERE SENTENCED TO DEATH THE REST T PRISON • 200 MORE NAZIS WENT TO TRIAL AS WELL

ACTION IN JAPAN • GEN. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR COMMANDED FORCES TO PUNISH THE JAPANESE • 7 YEAR OCCUPATION • INTRODUCED FREE MARKET POLICIES • GOVERNMENT CHANGES AS WELL • 1, 100 WERE ARRESTED AND PUT TO TRIAL, 7 SENTENCED TO DEATH