Chapter 25 Section 1 The Nixon Years Nixon

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Chapter 25 – Section 1 The Nixon Years

Chapter 25 – Section 1 The Nixon Years

Nixon Election - 1968 n Supporters – Middle Class “Silent Majority” Kennedy & Johnson’s

Nixon Election - 1968 n Supporters – Middle Class “Silent Majority” Kennedy & Johnson’s Policies Nixon’s Policies Pg. 740 & 741

Difference between Kennedy / Johnson & Nixon’s Policies Kennedy & Johnson’s Policies • “Great

Difference between Kennedy / Johnson & Nixon’s Policies Kennedy & Johnson’s Policies • “Great Society” programs expanded welfare and provided services to poor Americans • Proposed & supported civil rights policies • Increased government spending on social programs Believed that government needed to help out to combat poverty. • Wanted to reform welfare by replacing services with Family Assistance Plan (FAP) • No new civil rights policies • Promised to cut back democratic programs.

Nixon & Economy n Inflation: rising prices over time – Check this out… Calculating

Nixon & Economy n Inflation: rising prices over time – Check this out… Calculating Prices Stagflation – High unemployment + high inflation n Nixon froze prices, rents & wages… n Energy crisis – caused inflation By 1973 – we used 2 x as much oil as we produced

Nixon’s High Points Realpolitik – Practical Politics n Disarmament talks with Soviet Union n

Nixon’s High Points Realpolitik – Practical Politics n Disarmament talks with Soviet Union n – SALT – Strategic Arms Limitations Talks • Limits were set on long-range nuclear missiles & defensive missiles • Détente – a lessening of tensions between US & SU n Normalization of relations with China – 1972 Visit – Established diplomatic relations with Communist Chinese – Nixon Doctrine – Asian nations would have to defend themselves and couldn’t rely on US for aid. n Middle East Conflict – US was behind Israel

Chapter 25 Section 2 From Watergate to Ford

Chapter 25 Section 2 From Watergate to Ford

Issues surrounding the Watergate Scandal Nixon ordered an “enemies list” of who opposed his

Issues surrounding the Watergate Scandal Nixon ordered an “enemies list” of who opposed his ideas White House created a secret unit to stop information leaks and to spy on the Democrats June 1972, at the Watergate Hotel, five men were arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices n n n – – n Wiretap equipment and other spying equipment found Nixon denied involvement Reporters and a secret source know as “Deep Throat” found that Nixon was paying these men

The White House is REALLY in trouble… ALSO…Nixon’s vice president Spiro Agnew resigned over

The White House is REALLY in trouble… ALSO…Nixon’s vice president Spiro Agnew resigned over a tax evasion charge n Republican Gerald Ford is appointed n New President: Nixon Vice President: Agnew Vice President: Ford

Back to Nixon being in trouble… White House tapes – Nixon secretly recorded all

Back to Nixon being in trouble… White House tapes – Nixon secretly recorded all his White House conversations. – Asked to turn the tapes in – DOESN’T n SATURDAY NIGHT MASSACRE– Nixon was court ordered to turn over the tapes. He responded by ordering that man to be fired. This led to firings and resignations of many top officials. n

So “What happens? ” n Tapes were released, the truth came out, a Nixon

So “What happens? ” n Tapes were released, the truth came out, a Nixon directed cover up. n He resigned August 8, 1974 President: Nixon Vice President: Agnew Vice President: Ford

Gerald Ford takes Over n He pardoned Nixon – meaning he wouldn’t go to

Gerald Ford takes Over n He pardoned Nixon – meaning he wouldn’t go to trial Ford-Republican Congress-Democratic Result: Ford never got any of his policies passed n U. S. was in a recession during this time – Ford recommended tax cuts and budget cuts – Shot down by Congress

Ford’s Foreign Policy Ford continued Nixon’s policies n Maintained U. S. influence in Southeast

Ford’s Foreign Policy Ford continued Nixon’s policies n Maintained U. S. influence in Southeast Asia n Cold War expands to Africa n – Gave $300 million in aid – Soviets and U. S. gave aid to opposite fronts in Angola

Chapter 25 Section 3 Carter: as President

Chapter 25 Section 3 Carter: as President

Who is Jimmy Carter…? n Won against Ford – Pledged to return MORALITY to

Who is Jimmy Carter…? n Won against Ford – Pledged to return MORALITY to government n Domestic Policy – Pardoned draft evaders – Popularity – Economy – Goal to inflation & unemployment • Tax cuts • Voluntary wage & price controls • Unsuccessful – By 1980 = recession

What did he have to deal with? … n Energy Crisis – National Energy

What did he have to deal with? … n Energy Crisis – National Energy Act & Dept. of Energy created – World events threatened supply • • Iran revolution stopped shipments OPEC raised oil prices 50% Three Mile Island accident Gas supplies ran out – long lines – Asked Americans to… • Go 55 mph • Set thermostats no higher than 65 • Limit driving to only necessary

Carter’s Foreign Policy Rejected Realpolitik wanted morals in US foreign policy n Supported right

Carter’s Foreign Policy Rejected Realpolitik wanted morals in US foreign policy n Supported right to freedom from torture and unlawful detention n Around the World n – Panama Canal – give operations to Panama by 2000 – Soviet Union – All time low • Invasion of Afghanistan • Boycott of 1980 Olympics in Moscow – Middle East • Agreed on a framework for achieving peace in Mid. East • Peace treaty that ended 30 state of war between Egypt & Israel

Carter’s Legacy Americans were frustrated that Carter could not find solutions to the energy

Carter’s Legacy Americans were frustrated that Carter could not find solutions to the energy crisis, inflation and unemployment n Iran Hostage Crisis – Remember when Eisenhower put Pahlavi in charge? • He wasn’t a nice guy • Ayatollah Khomeini created Islamic Republic • Carter allowed Pahlavi into US for treatment • Outraged Iran & they took 50+ US hostages n Became more famous AFTER presidency n

Chapter 25 Section 4 Life in the 1970 s

Chapter 25 Section 4 Life in the 1970 s

Life in the 1970’s n n Increase in Asian and Latin American immigrants Voting

Life in the 1970’s n n Increase in Asian and Latin American immigrants Voting Rights Act of 1975 - required states to print voting materials in other languages People started moving to the south “The Sunbelt” reason: warmer weather, more land available Family Life: people lived alone longer, divorce rates started to rise, Family sizes were smaller, birthrates dropped

American Attitude & Entertainment People focused on bettering themselves n Running and eating right

American Attitude & Entertainment People focused on bettering themselves n Running and eating right became thing to do n Movie boom – Steven Spielberg – Jaws, E. T. Close Encounters of a 3 rd Kind n Music – Disco’s became popular – Fog, bubble machines, and strobe lights n

Technology n MOON LANDING!! – July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

Technology n MOON LANDING!! – July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin n 1973 Skylab space station put in orbit n Apple – Stephen Jobs and Stephen Wozniak founded in their parents garage n Other inventions: Atari video game system, the VCR, answering machines