Chapter 24 The Great Depression and the New

Chapter 24 The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929 – 1939

Readings • You must read the chapter. • Divisions: – Pp. 729 -742 – 742 -754 – 754 -763 – Make sure you know the New Deal Legislation and how it affected Alabama and the US. 2

Franklin Delano Roosevelt 3

Crash and Depression, 1929 -1932 4

Figure 24. 1 A: Stock Market Prices in the 1920 s 5

Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression 6

Figure 24. 1 B: Consumer Borrowing in the 1920 s 7

Hoover’s Response • Herbert Hoover Documentary • Hoover's Response Speech • Emergency Committee for Employment • Reconstruction Finance Corporation 8

Figure 24. 2 A: The Statistics of Hard Times 9

Mounting Discontent and Protest • Hoover Valley • Farmers” Holiday Association – Douglas Mac. Arthur • 42 nd Parallel – John Dos Passos • The Disinherited – Jack Conroy 10

Figure 24. 2 A: The Statistics of Hard Times 11

Figure 24. 2 B: The Statistics of Hard Times 12

The Election of 1932 13

Map 24. 1: The Election of 1932 14

The New Deal Takes Shape 15

Roosevelt and his Circle • Rexford G. Tuggle • Adolphe Berle • Eleanor Roosevelt • James Farley • Frances Perkins • Harold Ickes • Henry A. Wallace • Henry Morgenthau 16

Bankhead in Congress • John Hollis • William Brockman • Speaker of the House • John Hollis II • Walter Will • Tallulah 17

FDR’s Alphabet Soup WPA men at work 18

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The Hundred Days • TVA – David Lilienthal 20

Hundred Days Legislation CCC Boy s 21

Justice Hugo Black • Senator from Alabama • One of 9 Roosevelt appointed • Textualism-what do words mean to the common man or a strict interpretation of the law • KKK member in early life • Democrat / Died 1971 22

Problems and Controversies Plague the New Deal • May 1935 court rules NRA unconstitutional • Dust Bowl of 1930 and continuing • “There goes Oklahoma!” Roosevelt’s Supreme Court *Note Hugo Black on back right. KKK 23

Map 24. 2: The Dust Bowl 24

The Dust Bowl • Dust Bowl Documentary • Don’t forget to read your excerpts from The Dust Bowl Diary North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and other states were effected. Southern states experienced erosion until the addition of Kudzu to the landscape. 25

Figure 24. 3: Agriculture During the Great Depression

1934 -1935 Challenges from Right and Left • 1933 Income rose but was still behind 1929. • 1934 Midterm elections proved popularity. – “He’s been all but crowned by the people • Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin Radio Address • Francis Townsend – Influenced creation of – Social Security 27

Huey Long • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VIMi 7 f. BA 6 e 4&feature=related – – Louisiana Elected 1933 “Share our wealth!” “America First Party” 100% tax on income over $1 million and appropriation of fortunes over $5 – million. – Carl Weiss – Assassinated – Earl Long “Blaze” • Ballad of Earl Long • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VIMi 7 f. BA 6 e 4&feature=related 28

The New Deal Changes Course, 1935 -1936 • WPA Works Progress Administration – Federal Writer’s Project – Federal Music Project – Federal Theatre Project Eudora Welty Junior Publicity Agent – National Youth Administration – Rural Electrification Administration – National Labor Relations Act 1935 29

Photos of Eudora Welty 30

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National Labor Relations Act • Wagner Act – Guaranteed collective bargaining rights, permitted closed shops, outlawed blacklisting 32

Social Security Act of 1935 End of the 2 nd New Deal • Social Security Act 1935 – Stands as the long term legislation of the New Deal – Frances Perkins committee • • • Mixed benefit package Pension Unemployment package Survivor benefits Disabled and dependent mothers and children 33

1936 Roosevelt Landslide and New Democratic Coalition • • South West (parts) White Ethnic voters 12 largest cities – Catholics – Jews • Who filled New Deal jobs? 34

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The New Deal’s End Stage 1937 -1939 36

FDR and the Supreme Court • Archconservatives – 9 old tired men! • Bill – Appoint new justices for each one over 70 – “Ease heavy workload – Court packing 37

Roosevelt Recession 38

Final Measure: Growing Opposition • Farm Security Administration (FSA) – 1937 – Created by Congress • Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) 39

Social Change and Social Action in the 1930’s 40

Depression’s Psychological and Social Impact 41

Industrial Workers Unionize • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) • United Automobile Workers 42

Figure 24. 4: The Growth of Labor Union Membership, 1933– 1946 43

Black and Hispanic Americans Resist Racism and Exploitation • “Don’t Shop Where You Can’t Work!” • Scottsboro Boys • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=r. Ik. BFFZe. NVM • Indian Reorganization Act 44

The American Culture Scene in the 1930’s 45

Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies • Gone with the Wind 1939 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=79 e. IUM 4 w 0 PU&feature=related • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1937 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=0 pwj. GWUrl. HM • The Little Colonel (1935) Shirley Temple • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7_FOPPJc. J 24 • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o-Duey. Lco 8 s&feature=endscreen&NR=1 46

The Later 1930’s: Opposing Fascism Reaffirming Traditional Values • Popular Front • Joseph Stalin • Adolf Hitler • Spanish Civil War • Benito Mussolini 47

Steinbeck, Hemingway, Wilder • For Whom the Bell Tolls • The Grapes of Wrath • Our Town 48

Streamlining and the World’s Fair: Corporate America’s Utopian Vision • “The World of Tomorrow” • 1939 World’s Fair • Orson Wells – “War of the Worlds” – http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xs 0 K 4 Ap. Wl 4 g 49

FDR • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KUnihvq. YBVw • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=am. Npx. QANk 0 M • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Wp. Ed. Yp 1 Nn-k&feature=related • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 nu. Elu-ip. TQ • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SUZGk. NAUSv. Y&feature=related • Eleanor Roosevelt Speech • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 P 15 kn. TJ 0 p. Q • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 yzak. VOdh 6 k&feature=related 50

Conclusion 51