Chapter 24 The Digestive System Mechanics of Digestion

Chapter 24 – The Digestive System Mechanics of Digestion Histology of the GI Tract Where in the GI Tract? Chemical Digestion …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $100 $100 $200 $200 $300 $300 $400 $400 $500 $500 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. FINAL ROUND

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $100 Question Your molars are most useful for _____. a. b. c. d. crushing and grinding a tough pizza shredding meat off a bone nipping the end of a carrot none of the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $100 Answer Your molars are most useful for _____. a. b. c. d. crushing and grinding a tough pizza shredding meat off a bone nipping the end of a carrot none of the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $200 Question Which of the following is a function of mesenteries? a. Mesenteries stabilize the organs of the abdominal cavity. b. Mesenteries filter nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract. c. Mesenteries prevent the intestines from becoming tangled with changes in body position. d. Both A and C are correct. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $200 Answer Which of the following is a function of mesenteries? a. Mesenteries stabilize the organs of the abdominal cavity. b. Mesenteries filter nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract. c. Mesenteries prevent the intestines from becoming tangled with changes in body position. d. Both A and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $300 Question What is occurring when the soft palate and larynx elevate and the glottis closes? a. b. c. d. swallowing hiccupping speaking coughing ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $300 Answer What is occurring when the soft palate and larynx elevate and the glottis closes? a. b. c. d. swallowing hiccupping speaking coughing © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $400 Question What is the primary source of flatus emitted from the intestines? a. indole and skatole, two nitrogen-containing compounds b. ammonia in the form of ammonium ions c. indigestible carbohydrates acted on by bacteria d. breakdown products of bilirubin ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $400 Answer What is the primary source of flatus emitted from the intestines? a. indole and skatole, two nitrogen-containing compounds b. ammonia in the form of ammonium ions c. indigestible carbohydrates acted on by bacteria d. breakdown products of bilirubin © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $500 Question Which age-related changes in the digestive system are the results of decreased smooth muscle tone? a. weaker peristaltic contractions and decrease in motility b. thinning of epithelia of the mouth, esophagus, and anus c. presence of hemorrhoids and esophageal reflux d. both A and C ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: Mechanics of Digestion $500 Answer Which age-related changes in the digestive system are the results of decreased smooth muscle tone? a. weaker peristaltic contractions and decrease in motility b. thinning of epithelia of the mouth, esophagus, and anus c. presence of hemorrhoids and esophageal reflux d. both A and C © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $100 Question The four major layers of the GI tract are ______. a. mucosa, digestive epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa b. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa c. submucosa, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus, and serosa d. none of the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $100 Answer The four major layers of the GI tract are ______. a. mucosa, digestive epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa b. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa c. submucosa, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus, and serosa d. none of the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $200 Question Which type of epithelium lines the esophagus, and why? a. simple squamous epithelium; because the absorption of nutrients occurs here b. stratified squamous epithelium; because this area is subjected to abrasion c. stratified cuboidal epithelium with cilia; because this area has many secretions from glands d. simple columnar epithelium; because this area is involved with the absorption of nutrients ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $200 Answer Which type of epithelium lines the esophagus, and why? a. simple squamous epithelium; because the absorption of nutrients occurs here b. stratified squamous epithelium; because this area is subjected to abrasion c. stratified cuboidal epithelium with cilia; because this area has many secretions from glands d. simple columnar epithelium; because this area is involved with the absorption of nutrients © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $300 Question Which structures compose a hepatic triad? a. branches of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery, and a branch of the bile duct b. branches of the cystic duct, common bile duct, and common hepatic duct c. the superior mesenteric and splenic veins d. none of the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $300 Answer Which structures compose a hepatic triad? a. branches of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery, and a branch of the bile duct b. branches of the cystic duct, common bile duct, and common hepatic duct c. the superior mesenteric and splenic veins d. none of the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $400 Question The major histological differences between the large intestine and small intestine are that the large intestine ______. a. lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and has deeper intestinal glands b. has longer villi, more microvilli, and plicae c. has a larger nutrient absorptive surface d. produces more enzymes and hormones ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $400 Answer The major histological differences between the large intestine and small intestine are that the large intestine ______. a. lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and has deeper intestinal glands b. has longer villi, more microvilli, and plicae c. has a larger nutrient absorptive surface d. produces more enzymes and hormones © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $500 Question How do most chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system? a. b. c. d. through the left and right subclavian veins through lacteals through the thoracic duct through the hepatic portal system ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: Histology of the GI Tract $500 Answer How do most chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system? a. b. c. d. through the left and right subclavian veins through lacteals through the thoracic duct through the hepatic portal system © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $100 Question Where in the human body will chemical digestion begin? a. b. c. d. in the oral cavity in the esophagus in the stomach none of the above ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $100 Answer Where in the human body will chemical digestion begin? a. b. c. d. in the oral cavity in the esophagus in the stomach none of the above © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $200 Question In which region(s) of the digestive tract does mechanical processing occur? a. b. c. d. in the mouth, by teeth and the tongue in the stomach, by churning in the small intestine, by peristalsis both A and B ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $200 Answer In which region(s) of the digestive tract does mechanical processing occur? a. b. c. d. in the mouth, by teeth and the tongue in the stomach, by churning in the small intestine, by peristalsis both A and B © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $300 Question What is unusual about the muscularis externa of the esophagus? a. It contains skeletal muscle along the superior one-third of its length. b. It is surrounded by serosa. c. It contains a combination of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle along the superior one-third of its length. d. It contains nerves. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $300 Answer What is unusual about the muscularis externa of the esophagus? a. It contains skeletal muscle along the superior one-third of its length. b. It is surrounded by serosa. c. It contains a combination of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle along the superior one-third of its length. d. It contains nerves. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $400 Question How do the regional specializations of the small intestine change along its length? a. The duodenum has small villi and numerous mucous glands. b. The jejunum is mostly a storage space for waste. c. The ileum contains aggregated lymphoid nodules. ANSWER d. Both A and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $400 Answer How do the regional specializations of the small intestine change along its length? a. The duodenum has small villi and numerous mucous glands. b. The jejunum is mostly a storage space for waste. c. The ileum contains aggregated lymphoid nodules. d. Both A and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $500 Question Where are the motor neurons that control smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions of the GI tract located? a. b. c. d. in the hypothalamus in the submucosal plexus in the myenteric plexus in the muscularis mucosa ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: Where in the GI Tract? $500 Answer Where are the motor neurons that control smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions of the GI tract located? a. b. c. d. in the hypothalamus in the submucosal plexus in the myenteric plexus in the muscularis mucosa © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $100 Question Which of the enzymes below would digest a particular carbohydrate into glucose and fructose? a. b. c. d. lactase maltase sucrase nuclease ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $100 Answer Which of the enzymes below would digest a particular carbohydrate into glucose and fructose? a. b. c. d. lactase maltase sucrase nuclease © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $200 Question The liver has more than 200 critical functions. Which of the following is NOT a liver function? a. carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism b. vitamin and mineral storage c. secretion of CCK, storage and concentration of bile d. removal of antibodies, circulating hormones, and toxins ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $200 Answer The liver has more than 200 critical functions. Which of the following is NOT a liver function? a. carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism b. vitamin and mineral storage c. secretion of CCK, storage and concentration of bile d. removal of antibodies, circulating hormones, and toxins © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $300 Question How do the roles of pepsinogen and HCI interact in the stomach? a. They both digest chyme. b. HCI is necessary to prevent pepsinogen from digesting proteins. c. They both kill microorganisms. d. HCI is necessary for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $300 Answer How do the roles of pepsinogen and HCI interact in the stomach? a. They both digest chyme. b. HCI is necessary to prevent pepsinogen from digesting proteins. c. They both kill microorganisms. d. HCI is necessary for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $400 Question What effect(s) does the secretion of CCK have on a fatty meal’s entrance to the duodenum? a. speeds up gastric emptying b. reduces rate and force of gastric contractions c. inhibits secretion of gastric acids and enzymes, slowing gastric emptying d. increases secretion of gastrin and decreases bile secretion ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $400 Answer What effect(s) does the secretion of CCK have on a fatty meal’s entrance to the duodenum? a. speeds up gastric emptying b. reduces rate and force of gastric contractions c. inhibits secretion of gastric acids and enzymes, slowing gastric emptying d. increases secretion of gastrin and decreases bile secretion © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $500 Question What effect does secretion of secretin by enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum have on the pancreas? a. It stimulates the secretion of glucagon. b. It stimulates production of pancreatic buffers that protect the duodenum. c. It stimulates the secretion of insulin. d. It promotes production and secretion of pancreatic enzymes. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: Chemical Digestion $500 Answer What effect does secretion of secretin by enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum have on the pancreas? a. It stimulates the secretion of glucagon. b. It stimulates production of pancreatic buffers that protect the duodenum. c. It stimulates the secretion of insulin. d. It promotes production and secretion of pancreatic enzymes. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $100 Question Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening, but constipation is not? a. Wastes not eliminated as feces will be eliminated through urine. b. Constipation affects only gastric motility. c. Constipation causes edema. d. Diarrhea causes rapid water and electrolyte loss. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $100 Answer Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening, but constipation is not? a. Wastes not eliminated as feces will be eliminated through urine. b. Constipation affects only gastric motility. c. Constipation causes edema. d. Diarrhea causes rapid water and electrolyte loss. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $200 Question Peritonitis may interfere with the function of digestive organs because it is a(n) ______. a. b. c. d. inflammation of the muscularis mucosa programmed cell death of enterocytes inflammation of the peritoneum swelling of the visceral peritoneum ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $200 Answer Peritonitis may interfere with the function of digestive organs because it is a(n) ______. a. b. c. d. inflammation of the muscularis mucosa programmed cell death of enterocytes inflammation of the peritoneum swelling of the visceral peritoneum © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $300 Question Which disorder increases the rate at which fluids move into the peritoneal cavity? What condition results from excess fluids in the peritoneal cavity? a. b. c. d. liver disease; ascites gastric ulcers; internal bleeding diarrhea; dehydration Crohn’s disease; malabsorption ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $300 Answer Which disorder increases the rate at which fluids move into the peritoneal cavity? What condition results from excess fluids in the peritoneal cavity? a. b. c. d. liver disease; ascites gastric ulcers; internal bleeding diarrhea; dehydration Crohn’s disease; malabsorption © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $400 Question Which statement below is TRUE with regard to gastric activity in the digestive system? a. Overstimulation of the sympathetic division of the ANS can inhibit the cephalic phase and lead to stomach upset. b. Caffeine and alcohol, when used as part of a meal, will enhance nutrient absorption. c. Emotional states have no effect on gastric activity. d. Both B and C are correct. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $400 Answer Which statement below is TRUE with regard to gastric activity in the digestive system? a. Overstimulation of the sympathetic division of the ANS can inhibit the cephalic phase and lead to stomach upset. b. Caffeine and alcohol, when used as part of a meal, will enhance nutrient absorption. c. Emotional states have no effect on gastric activity. d. Both B and C are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $500 Question Which of the following statements correctly states the absorption of an ion/vitamin? a. Ca 2+ absorption is inhibited by calcitriol. b. Vitamin B 12 absorption occurs when it binds to extrinsic factor. c. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from micelles along with dietary lipids. d. Aldosterone is a hormone that ANSWER + stimulates the absorption of K. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: …Upset Stomach, Indigestion $500 Answer Which of the following statements correctly states the absorption of an ion/vitamin? a. Ca 2+ absorption is inhibited by calcitriol. b. Vitamin B 12 absorption occurs when it binds to extrinsic factor. c. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from micelles along with dietary lipids. d. Aldosterone is a hormone that stimulates the absorption of K+. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question How does taking fat-soluble vitamins on an empty stomach affect the absorption of those vitamins? a. The vitamins are not absorbed, because they require presence of other lipids. b. Having an empty stomach enhances absorption. c. A different metabolic pathway is used when you have an empty stomach. d. None of the above are correct. ANSWER © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Answer How does taking fat-soluble vitamins on an empty stomach affect the absorption of those vitamins? a. The vitamins are not absorbed, because they require presence of other lipids. b. Having an empty stomach enhances absorption. c. A different metabolic pathway is used when you have an empty stomach. d. None of the above are correct. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME