Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings Floors Interior Ceiling the

Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors ‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

Functions of Finish Ceilings Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape Control diffusion of: è light è sound Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… May assist with èfire resistance èdistribution / return of HVAC

Types of Ceilings Exposed Structural & MPE Tightly Attached Suspended Interstitial

Exposed Structure & MPE èIndustrial, warehouse, … w Economy & ease of maintenance èTimber, trusses, etc. w Often for appearance Flat Plate, PC plank (HC) è Painted - hotels & apartments è Minimal MPE services in ceiling è Economy and reduces story height

Exposed Structure Ceiling “Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling

Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

Tightly Attached directly to joists or slabs Special arrangements / accommodations for: è Structural members (beams, girders) èMPE systems

Suspended Ceilings Suspended from the Structure èGenerally by wires Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure Ceiling Plenum space Support Wires for ducts, pipes, conduit. . . Support System • Metal Framing • Furring Channels • “Metal Grid Suspended Ceiling • Drywall • Plaster • Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” • Exposed Metal Grid • 2 x 2 or 2 x 4 Lay-in Panels • MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile • Economical

Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems “Difficult” to access Main Runners Cross Tees • Provide Main Ceiling Support • Intermediate Support • Generally 4’ o. c. • “Rest”/ attach to Mains • Attached to “Hangers” • Spacing depends on tile • Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads” Wall Angle • Attaches to wall

“Recessed” Grid (also can be Flush, …) Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available Diffuser sized 2 x 2

Common Support Grid Profile

Suspended Ceiling used as a Fire Resistant Membrane Combination Light/Diffuser The Integrity of the Fire Resistant Rating Must be Maintained at the Ceiling Penetrations

Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

Interstitial Ceilings Common with elaborate MPE systems èHospitals & laboratories Purpose: èAccommodate extensive MPE systems èProvide access for maintenance & updating services

Finish Flooring Functions & Considerations Functions: èVisual èAcoustics èLight èWearing Surface Considerations èLife / durability èSkid resistance èSanitation èNoise èFire (resistance, combustibility) èOther (conductivity, . . )

Under-floor Services Distribution of electrical /communications Methods èConduit èCellular Raceways èCellular Decking èRaised Flooring

Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

Reducing Noise Transmission Use of a Soft material èPadded carpet èCushioned resilient flooring èResilient underlayment Selection of surrounding material èDense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall) èMount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

Skid & Fire Resistance Skid Resistance èMeasure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF) èSkid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping Flame Resistance èMost flooring required to meet minimum criteria èExit corridors typically have higher requirements

Hard Flooring Materials Resistant to: èWear èMoisture Noisy -conduct sound Types èConcrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

Concrete Flooring Advantages èLow initial cost èDurable Common Uses èParking decks èWarehouses èIndustrial

Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

Stone Types èMarble èGranite èSlate èSandstone, … Installation èSetting Bed èGrouted joints

Marble

Granite

Bricks & Brick Pavers Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge) Often with a setting bed With Grouted Joints Without Grouted Joints

Paver Patterns

Quarry Tile Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation w Setting Bed (typical) w Thin Set w Grout Joints

Ceramic Tile Fired Clay Often Glazed Finish Floors & Walls Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

Laying Ceramic Tile Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor

Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

Spacers Being Installed

Tile Placement

Cutting Tile

Small tile shipped with backing sheet

Decorative Ceramic Tile

Terrazzo èGround/polished concrete èTyp. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement èDivider strips w At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

Brass Divider Strips

Wood Flooring Materials èwhite & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, …. Types èWood Strip Flooring - blind nailed èSquare edge - fasteners visible (or filled) èParquet Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

Multiple Floor Finishes wood, tile, & carpet

Resilient Flooring Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT) èWill show substrate irregularities Multiple colors & patterns Low cost, moderate durability Installation - glued

Carpet Multiple styles, colors, … Indoor and Outdoor Installation èGlued directly to substrate, or èPad & tackless strip

Edge Strip Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc. ) Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution Recycling of interior materials in its infancy