Chapter 23 World War I Section Notes The

Chapter 23 – World War I Section Notes The Road to War Americans Prepare for War Americans in World War I Establishing Peace History Close-up Trench Warfare Quick Facts Key Goals of the Fourteen Points Causes and Effects of World War I Chapter 23 Visual Summary Video The Impact of Modern Warfare Maps World War I, 1914 -1918 Europe After World War I Images An End to Peace Primary Source: Sinking of the Lusitania Red Cross Volunteers Patriotic Poster World War I U. S. Soldier World War I Deaths

Americans in World War I The Big Idea American troops helped the Allies achieve victory in World War I. Main Ideas • American soldiers started to arrive in Europe in 1917. • The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • Germany agreed to an armistice after suffering heavy losses.

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Main Idea 1: American soldiers started to arrive in Europe in 1917. • French and British generals called for immediate help and wanted the US to join French and British units. • Americans joined the fight in Europe in 1917 as a force separate from the other Allied units. British Soldiers US Soldiers

Main Idea 1: American soldiers started to arrive in Europe in 1917. • U. S. troops were known as the American Expeditionary Force – Led by General John J. Pershing – Thoroughly trained for three months for combat before reaching front lines – Included regular army and National Guard troops, volunteers, and draftees John J. Pershing

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Russia Leaves the War Revolution in Russia • November 1917: a group of Russians known as the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian government(Czar). • Bolsheviks were Communists– people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property. Czar Nicholas II

Russia Leaves the War New Government (Communists) • Led by Vladimir Lenin • Knew the war had reached a desperate point – Around 8 million Russians had already been killed. – Soldiers were deserting. – Food riots raged in cities. • March 1918: Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking itself out of World War I. • Civil War broke out between the Communist and Czar Vladimir Lenin

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • With Russia gone, Germany planned to smash the stalemate. • Spring of 1918 Germans transferred divisions from Eastern to Western Front.

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • American soldiers arrived on the front. • Even trained the U. S. was not prepared for realities of War. (rats, lice, death) • Germans made an advance, but were unprepared for the fresh, well-trained American forces and were driven back.

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • Germans advanced to Marne River • Pushed French line back to Paris

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • March 21, 1918 Germans blasted 6000 heavy guns at Somme River. • Germans will drive 40 miles into Allied lines. • 250, 000 Germans will be killed or wounded. • British and French 133, 000.

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • Germans unprepared for American Forces. • US stopped the German advancement. • Allies attacked and drove the Germans back.

Main Idea 2: The Americans helped the Allies win the war. • July 1918– German forces launch final offensive – Attempted to cross the Marne River – Terrible losses forced them to stop. • American troops helped force a major turning point in the war.

Main Idea 3: Germany agreed to an armistice after suffering heavy losses. • Allies drove toward victory after the failed German advance. – More than 1 million U. S. troops in France – Began winning victories against German forces (Saint. Mihiel, Meuse River and Argonne Forest). – Convoy system used to protect ships against uboats. – Destroyers capable of sinking Uboats escorted and protected ships. By November 1918, American soldiers were making rapid advance toward Germany.

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U. S. Heroes Alvin York - From Tennessee, killed 25 German gunners and captured 125 prisoners. - Won Congressional Medal of Honor.

U. S. Heroes 369 th Infantry of African American -Known as Harlem Hellfighters -More combat time then another unit. -Won Croix de Guerre (Cross of War).

Germany Defeated • At home and on the battlefield, Germans were tired of war. – Food shortages(800 civilians dying a day) – Riots and strikes – Shortage of soldiers • Germany’s allies were also eager to end the war. - Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire quit in the fall of 1918. – Austria-Hungary reached a peace accord with the Allies on November 3, 1918.

Germany Defeated • Seeing his country was beaten, German leader Kaiser Wilhelm II gave up his thrown and fled to Netherlands. Kaiser Wilhelm II

Germany Defeated • Germany agreed to an armistice, or truce, on November 11, 1918 on the 11 th hour. • Allies demand Germany pull back from its conquered territories. And Germany destroy its aircraft, tanks, big guns and U boats. Germany did. Kaiser Wilhelm II

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