CHAPTER 23 THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTHWEST ASIA SECTION

CHAPTER 23 THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTHWEST ASIA

SECTION 1

Focus Question What does the word “Stan” mean, and what are the 5 Stan nations in Southwest Asia?

Countries Turkey Syria Lebanon Israel Iraq Iran Saudi Arabia Oman Yemen United Arab Emirates Qatar Kuwait Jordan *Palestine

Diverse Peoples Southwest Asia is known as the middle east Long period of war and fighting World War I affected the history of the Middle east � � � The Ottoman Empire Collapsed � Fought on the Central Powers side Lost the war Secret pacts and agreements were made about how to divide the Arabian peninsula Turkey was formed The middle east still today is a very broken region

Arabs and Jews Independence for Palestine was difficult Two groups claim Palestine as their homeland � Jews � Arabs � Came from the Hebrews and thought Jerusalem was their homeland 1700 -1900 B. C. People migrating back to Palestine called themselves Zionist Had historical roots 500 B. C. Both regions put pressure on Europe to form an independent nation

Arabs and Jews Great Britain Supported the Jews � Britain supported the creation of a Jewish homeland � Angered the Arabs Struggle between the Jews and Palestine becomes increasingly violent Hitler comes to power in Germany � Thousands of Jews flee to Palestine � World thinks the Jews need a homeland Arabs made up 70% of the Palestinian Population Great Britain and the UN divide Palestine into 2 nations Israel is created as the Jews homeland

SECTION 2 Israel

Israel today is a different place than what it was intended to be Israel is a very dry region � Rely on drip irrigation Mining the Dead Sea � Saltwater lake � Extracts Potash Mineral needed for explosives and fertilizers

Diverse Cultures 80% Jewish � Ashkenazi Formed an Sephardic Jews divisions 20% Arab U. S. and Israel are supporters of one another Israel is small but powerful

SECTION 3 Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq

Focus Question What are two minerals that Israel mines?

Jordan Part of the fertile crescent Has a large Palestinian population � Most became Jordan citizens � Some have tried to overthrown the Jordan government Independence: 1946 Modern nation Ruled by a king

Lebanon Independence from France in 1943 Civil war between ethnic groups in 1975 � Christians vs. Muslims Thousands of Palestinians made Lebanon their home � Set up the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) � Attacks on Israel Stuck back United States, Syria, Iran became involved in the war Invaded Lebanon Over 200 U. S. citizens are killed in a bomb Lebanon was in a start of Anarchy War ended 16 years later

Iraq Farming is a main lifestyle � Until 1920’s oil is discovered Saddam Hussein was the dictator of Iraq Invaded Iran Invaded Kuwait � Started the Persian Gulf War � U. S. backed Kuwait � UN imposed an Embargo (Severe Trade Restrictions) Aimed to end the chemical and nuclear ware

SECTION 4 Arabian Peninsula

Saudia Arabia United Arab Emirates Oman Yemen Oil has changed this region � Discovered in the 1930’s � Allowed them to modernize

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Oil will not always be available they will run out within 60 years Main problem of the region is lack of water � Built Removing salt from sea water for drinking � Falaj Desalination plans System Underground and surface canals that carry water from the mountains to the towns

SECTION 5

Focus Question What is OPEC?

Turkey Was the Ottoman Empire until 1919 Kemal � Gave women freedoms, made everyone attend school Member of NATO Wants to become a Member of EU � Muslim heritage prohibits that � 75% of their goods are traded with EU nations Religion: Islamic Ethnicity: Turkish

Iran Persian Empire collapsed in 1935 Religion: Islam Ruled by a Shah � Extremist nation � Shiites vs Sunnis Have nuclear weapons Known as the Islamic Republic of Iran Women are treated very harshly Wear chadors (long black cloaks) � Beat for their actions � Not allowed to talk unless spoken to, must walk behind their husbands, not allowed to look a man in the eye �

Cyprus Gained its independence in 1960 Was once part of Greece