Chapter 23 Section 1 War Breaks Out in

Chapter 23 Section 1 War Breaks Out in Europe World War I

Causes of WWI - MANIA • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination

Militarism • Belief that a nation needs strong military • It is also a glorification of the military and war itself 1910 -1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Alliances • Signed treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor – Basically, countries agreed to help each other

Nationalism • Pride and patriotism in one’s nation • In terms of WWI, nationalism became aggressive and because of this a major cause of international tension • Independent nations desired dominance and prestige – rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War

Imperialism • Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region • Due to the Industrial Revolution of the 1800 s, some European nations had a large portion of the world under their control

Causes of World War I • Militarism – Belief that a nation needs strong military. Europeans built up their armies and navies enormously • Alliances – Entangled network of alliances, meaning an attack on one nation would bring all of its allies to its aid. Small conflicts could become larger war. • Nationalism – Europeans were nationalistic – meaning they had feelings of pride and loyalty. Desire to prove their nation was best. • Imperialism – European countries competed for colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany felt it deserved more colonies.

Assassination • The “spark” that started WWI • On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria Hungarian Throne was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia

Assassination of the Archduke • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • (Austria-Hungary) assassinated by Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) while visiting Sarajevo Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia – then declares war on Serbia

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Duchess Sophie at Bosnia, on June 28, 1914

• Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Point of No Return • Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. • Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. • Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

• Germany declares war on Russia • France pledges their support for Russia • Germany declares war on France • Germany invades Belgium on the way to France • Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

Steps Toward World War I • June 28, 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the • • throne of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by a young Serbian man. July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 30 – Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes armed forces August 1 – Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declares war on Russia August 3 – Germany declares war on France (Russia’s ally); prepares invasion of Belgium August 4 – Britain, pledging to protect Belgium, declares war on Germany August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia August 12 – France and Britain declare war on Austria. Hungary

Sides are set… • Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • Allied Powers – Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, seven others

The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

The War Begins • Speedy war expected (“We’ll be home by Christmas”) • War of “glory” expected • All had belief in victory – “God is on our side”

German Poster

Schlieffen Plan: • Germany would attack • fast by going through neutral Belgium along the coast and defeat France quickly Then take on Russia in the East. – Germany did NOT want to fight a war on two fronts!

The reality of War – The Western Front • Hopes of quick war gives way to stalemate along the Western Front – Trench Warfare – Soldiers fought each other from dug out trenches – Would storm each other’s trenches – Very bloody and each side would gain very little land – Advanced about one mile per month https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SXtsiqrhqs. U

The Western Front

Trench Conditions • Trenches were infested by rats and disease • Dead bodies littered the ground • Food was scarce and sleep was almost impossible due to constant artillery blasts

• “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud”

Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

Homework ¾ Page hand-written • Research Trench Warfare – Gain a feeling for what it was like living, sleeping, and fighting in these trenches for both sides • Write a letter to loved one from the trenches – Explaining your surroundings and overall feelings during this experience (see? smell? hear? taste? feel? ) – Compare and contrast how you thought the war would be to how it really is