Chapter 23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age

Chapter 23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869– 1896

Question “Waving the bloody shirt” meant a) exposing Ku Klux Klan terrorism. b) decrying the use of anti-union strike-breakers. c) reviving gory memories of the Civil War. d) lamenting the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 2

Answer “Waving the bloody shirt” meant a) exposing Ku Klux Klan terrorism. b) decrying the use of anti-union strike-breakers. c) reviving gory memories of the Civil War. (correct) d) lamenting the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire. Hint: See page 539. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 3

Question All of following were true of the Tweed Ring EXCEPT a) it vividly displayed the ethics (or lack of ethics) typical of the age. b) Burly “Boss” Tweed employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to milk the metropolis of as much as $200 million. c) honest citizens were cowed into silence. d) protesters found their tax assessments lowered. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 4

Answer All of following were true of the Tweed Ring EXCEPT a) it vividly displayed the ethics (or lack of ethics) typical of the age. b) Burly “Boss” Tweed employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to milk the metropolis of as much as $200 million. c) honest citizens were cowed into silence. d) protesters found their tax assessments lowered. (correct) Hint: See pages 539– 540. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 5

Question The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved bribery and inflated prices in the _____ industry. a) railroad b) shipping c) mining d) oil Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 6

Answer The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved bribery and inflated prices in the _____ industry. a) railroad (correct) b) shipping c) mining d) oil Hint: See page 541. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 7

Question All of the following were true of the Panic of 1873 EXCEPT a) it was one of those periodic plummets that roller-coastered the economy in this age of unbridled capitalist expansion. b) overreaching promoters had laid more railroad track, sunk more mines, erected more factories, and sowed more grainfields than existing markets could bear. c) bankers had made too few imprudent loans to finance the enterprises. d) when profits failed to materialize, loans went unpaid, and the whole credit-based house of cards fluttered down. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 8

Answer All of the following were true of the Panic of 1873 EXCEPT a) it was one of those periodic plummets that roller-coastered the economy in this age of unbridled capitalist expansion. b) overreaching promoters had laid more railroad track, sunk more mines, erected more factories, and sowed more grainfields than existing markets could bear. c) bankers had made too few imprudent loans to finance the enterprises. (correct) d) when profits failed to materialize, loans went unpaid, and the whole credit-based house of cards fluttered down. Hint: See page 542. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 9

Question All of the following were true of the Compromise of 1877 EXCEPT a) the election deadlock itself was to be broken by the Electoral Count Act, which Congress passed early in 1877. b) it set up an electoral commission consisting of fifteen men selected from the Senate, the House, and the Supreme Court. c) the members agreed, by the partisan vote of eight Democrats to seven Republicans, to accept the Democratic returns. d) the Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes might take office in return for his withdrawing intrusive federal troops from the South. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 10

Answer All of the following were true of the Compromise of 1877 EXCEPT a) the election deadlock itself was to be broken by the Electoral Count Act, which Congress passed early in 1877. b) it set up an electoral commission consisting of fifteen men selected from the Senate, the House, and the Supreme Court. c) the members agreed, by the partisan vote of eight Democrats to seven Republicans, to accept the Democratic returns. (correct) d) the Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes might take office in return for his withdrawing intrusive federal troops from the South. Hint: See pages 545– 546. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 11

Question All of the following were true of Jim Crow EXCEPT a) it started as the informal separation of blacks and whites in the immediate postwar years. b) it developed, by the 1890 s, into systematic statelevel legal codes of segregation. c) Southern states also enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes. d) the quality of African American life was relatively equal to that of whites. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 12

Answer All of the following were true of Jim Crow EXCEPT a) it started as the informal separation of blacks and whites in the immediate postwar years. b) it developed, by the 1890 s, into systematic statelevel legal codes of segregation. c) Southern states also enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes. d) the quality of African American life was relatively equal to that of whites. (correct) Hint: See page 547. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 13

Question The Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 ruled that a) “separate but equal” facilities were unconstitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. b) “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. c) “separate and unequal” facilities were unconstitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. d) “separate and unequal” facilities were constitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 14

Answer The Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 ruled that a) “separate but equal” facilities were unconstitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. b) “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. (correct) c) “separate and unequal” facilities were unconstitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. d) “separate and unequal” facilities were constitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Hint: See pages 547– 548. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 15

Question The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a) prohibited nearly all immigration from China. b) stripped native-born Chinese Americans of their citizenship. c) invalidated the doctrine of “birthright citizenship” (or jus soli, the “right of the soil. ” d) invalidated the doctrine of jus sanguinis, (the “right of blood-tie, ” which based citizenship on the parents’ nationality). Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 16

Answer The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a) prohibited nearly all immigration from China. (correct) b) stripped native-born Chinese Americans of their citizenship. c) invalidated the doctrine of “birthright citizenship” (or jus soli, the “right of the soil. ” d) invalidated the doctrine of jus sanguinis, (the “right of blood-tie, ” which based citizenship on the parents’ nationality). Hint: See page 549. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 17

Question All of the following were true of the Pendleton Act of 1883 EXCEPT it a) was passed in the wake of President Garfield’s murder by a deranged office-seeker. b) was known as the Magna Carta of civil-service reform. c) mandated compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees. d) established the Civil Service Commission to make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of competitive examinations rather than “pull. ” Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 18

Answer All of the following were true of the Pendleton Act of 1883 EXCEPT it a) was passed in the wake of President Garfield’s murder by a deranged office-seeker. b) was known as the Magna Carta of civil-service reform. c) mandated compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees. (correct) d) established the Civil Service Commission to make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of competitive examinations rather than “pull. ” Hint: See page 553. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 19

Question All of the following were true of the Homestead Strike EXCEPT a) officials at Andrew Carnegie’s Homestead steel plant near Pittsburgh called in three hundred armed Pinkerton detectives in July to crush it. b) strikers, armed with rifles and dynamite, forced their assailants to surrender after a vicious battle that left ten people dead and some sixty wounded. c) troops were eventually summoned, and both the strike and the union were broken. d) the strike resulted in the Populists welding a coalition of aggrieved workers and indebted farmers in a revolutionary assault capitalism. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 20

Answer All of the following were true of the Homestead Strike EXCEPT a) officials at Andrew Carnegie’s Homestead steel plant near Pittsburgh called in three hundred armed Pinkerton detectives in July to crush it. b) strikers, armed with rifles and dynamite, forced their assailants to surrender after a vicious battle that left ten people dead and some sixty wounded. c) troops were eventually summoned, and both the strike and the union were broken. d) the strike resulted in the Populists welding a coalition of aggrieved workers and indebted farmers in a revolutionary assault capitalism. (correct) Hint: See pages 557– 558. Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 | 21