Chapter 22 Protist Kingdom I Characteristics of Protists
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Chapter 22 Protist Kingdom
I. Characteristics of Protists b Eukaryotes b unicellular b 3 Main groups of protists; • Protozoans • algae • fungus-like
3 Groups of Protists:
1. Protozoans Animal like protists
Protozoans - Animal like b Grouped • • by movement pseudopods cilia flagella parastites - no movement
Protozoan Characteristics b No cell wall b Free-living or parasitic b Consumers b Habitat – aquatic (ponds, lakes, oceans) b Examples: amoeba, paramecium, dinoflagellates
Example 1: Protozoans - amoebas b Amoebas • shapeless, aquatic b
Pseudopods in Amoebas
How Amoebas Eat ? • feeding structures– – – food vacuole digestive enzymes diffusion
Getting Rid of Waste b Contracting vacole – collect excess water from inside the cell and gets rid of it.
Reproduction of Amoeba • asexual reproduction – Binary fission
Dysentery (an illness) b Inflammation of the large intestine b Diarreha and vomiting b Caused by an amoeba
2. Example 2: Protozoans: Ciliates b Locomotion - Cilia b 1. Paracmecium - fresh water ciliate •
How do Paramecium eat? b Feed on bacteria • Food enters oral groove, • moves to the food vacoule, • anal pore
Paramecium Reproduction b Asexual- create identical organisms b Conjucation - sexual reproduction • exchange of genetic information • Not identical - adds diversity
3. Example 3: Protozoans Flagellates b Locomotion - flagella b Exmaples: use 2. Trypanosoma - causes African Sleeping Sickness • spread by tsetse fly b
4. Example 4: Protozoan sporozoans b Locomotion - parasitic b reproduction • spores b Plasmodium Malaria - Causes • Spread by mosquito • Quinine – drug used to treat malaria
Vorticella b Attaches to and spins its cilia to create a vortex (water movement”
Stentor
2. Euglena – 2 nd group in protist b Both plant-like and animal-like
Euglenoids b - contain chlorophyll b - move by flagella b - Euglena (unique)- • eyespot, • chloroplast, • flagellum
Algae Plant like protists
B. Algae - plant-like b Photosynthetic b Multi-cellular and unicellular b Classified by pigments (Types of Algae) • • red brown Green+ Examples; Volvox, diatoms, spirogyra
1. Diatoms b - float in water b - photosynthesis b - unicellular b - silica shells b Commercial value: Insulating materials, Abrasives , Ceramics, Filtering
2. Dinoflagellates b - move by two flagella b - autotrophs b - green glow and red tides
3. Green Algae (Lab 37) b Most freshwater Food Source – called Plankton b Some are: b • • • Free-living Colony filament
Free-Floating -
- Filament type – exist as a thread
Colony -
Label and Draw b Ulothrix b Zygnema b Spirogyra b Hydrodictyon b Peridinium b chlamydomonas
Red and Brown Algae b All multicellular b Marine b Kelp – a form of brown algae b Red algae – used in food.
Fungus Protists
Slime Molds b - plasmodium- visible slime mass - moves b - no cell membrane b - many nuclei b - grow on damp organic matter - decompose b - form a stalk, release spores b - Reproduce - asexual reproduction, making spores b
Fungus Like Protists b Classified by how they reproduce • slime molds • mold and mildew - disease causing
Mildew and Water Molds b - fuzzy growths b - found on bathroom tiles b - live off of dead material b - potato famine- 2 million people died in b Ireland - caused immigration to the United States
Protist Diversity Examples Groups of : Protozoans Algae Funguslike Characteristic Motility s habitat
Origins and Importance of Protists b Green algae b Importance of : • • green algae - oxygen source food source – plankton – zooplankton – phytoplankton
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