Chapter 22 Aorist Indicative English Two formations Regular

Chapter 22 Aorist Indicative

English Two formations • Regular (weak): “studied” • Irregular (strong): “ate” Form only • Meaning the same

Aorist Meaning • Undefined (aspect), normally past • Simple past (“I loved”) Form: 1 and 2 aorist • First aorist: “regular” (chapter 23) • Second: “irregular” (same endings as imperfect)

Second Aorist Active Indicative Augment + Aorist active tense stem + Connecting vowel + Secondary active personal endings ε + λαβ + ο + μεν → ἐλάβομεν

Second Aorist Middle Indicative Augment + Aorist active tense stem + Connecting vowel + Secondary middle/passive personal endings ε + γεν + ο + μην → ἐγενόμην

Roots and Stems 1. The second aorist stem will always be different from the present tense stem 2. Why? Root will have been modified to form the present tense stem (but not the aorist tense stem) 3. All second aorists listed in the Appendix

Summary 1. Undefined, normally past 2. Formation: augment + aor stem + cv + sec 3. Look like imperfect (root change)

Master Verb Chart Tense Aug/ Redup Tense stem 2 aorist act ε 2 aorist mid ε Tense form. Conn. vowel Personal endings 1 st sg paradigm aor act ο/ε sec act ἔλαβον aor act ο/ε sec m/p ἐγενόμην

Vocabulary ἀποθνῄσκω

Vocabulary βάλλω

Vocabulary γῆ, γῆς, ἡ

Vocabulary γίνομαι

Vocabulary ἐξέρχομαι

Vocabulary ἔτι

Vocabulary εὑρίσκω

Vocabulary λαμβάνω

Vocabulary οὔτε