Chapter 21 Oxygenation Copyright 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health

Oxygenation • Oxygen: measures approximately 21% in the Earth’s atmosphere • Each cell of

Assessing Oxygenation • Physical assessment – Monitoring the client’s respiratory rate – Observing breathing

Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) • Arterial blood gases measure: – Partial pressure of oxygen dissolved

Arterial Blood Gases Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) • Pulse oximetry – Composed of a sensor and a microprocessor

Promoting Oxygenation • Positioning: Fowler’s position • Breathing techniques – Deep breathing o Incentive

Diaphragmatic Breathing Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Oxygen Therapy • Oxygen sources – Wall outlet – Portable tanks – Liquid oxygen

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Equipment used in oxygen administration – Flowmeter – Oxygen analyzer

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Common delivery devices (cont’d) – Masks o Simple mask o

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Common delivery devices (cont’d) – Face tent – Tracheostomy collar

Comparison of Oxygen Delivery Devices (Refer to Table 21 -4 in the textbook. )

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Oxygen hazards – Fire potential – Oxygen toxicity Copyright ©

Administering Oxygen Safely Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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Oxygenation • Oxygen: measures approximately 21% in the Earth’s atmosphere • Each cell of the human body uses oxygen to metabolize nutrients and produce energy • Without oxygen, cell death occurs rapidly Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Assessing Oxygenation • Physical assessment – Monitoring the client’s respiratory rate – Observing breathing pattern and effort – Checking chest symmetry – Auscultating lung sounds Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) • Arterial blood gases measure: – Partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in plasma – Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen – The p. H of blood Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) • Pulse oximetry – Composed of a sensor and a microprocessor – Noninvasive, transcutaneous technique for periodically or continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation of blood Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Promoting Oxygenation • Positioning: Fowler’s position • Breathing techniques – Deep breathing o Incentive spirometry – Pursed-lip breathing – Diaphragmatic breathing – Nasal strips Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Oxygen Therapy • Oxygen sources – Wall outlet – Portable tanks – Liquid oxygen unit – Oxygen concentrator • Equipment used in oxygen administration Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Equipment used in oxygen administration – Flowmeter – Oxygen analyzer – Humidifier • Common delivery devices – Nasal cannula Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Common delivery devices (cont’d) – Masks o Simple mask o Partial rebreather mask o Non-rebreather mask o Venturi mask Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) • Common delivery devices (cont’d) – Face tent – Tracheostomy collar – T-piece • Additional delivery devices – Nasal catheter Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins