CHAPTER 21 MENTAL HEALTH DISEASES AND DISORDERS Common

CHAPTER 21 MENTAL HEALTH DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Common Signs and Symptoms Typically begin with behavioral changes Slow developing and very subtle May not be noticed early in development of disorder Forgetfulness, anxiety, temper tantrums Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

Diagnostic Tests Physiologic tests Brain scans, EEGs, MRIs Referral to psychiatrist for psychological testing Aptitude test Personality test Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3

Developmental Disorders Mental Retardation - decreased intelligence and ability to learn, socialize, and mature Autism - developmental disorder Preoccupation with inner thoughts, daydreams, fantasies, and delusions Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4

Developmental Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness Stuttering Hesitancy of starting and finishing word Prolonged pauses between words Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5

Developmental Disorders Eating disorders Bulimia Anorexia nervosa Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6

Developmental Disorders Tic disorders - sudden, rapid muscle movement or vocalization Enuresis - bedwetting; urinary incontinence after toilet training Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7

Substance-Related Mental Disorders Alcoholism Physical and mental dependence on alcohol Chronic, progressive, and often fatal Marijuana - “pot” Cocaine - accelerant to CNS and anesthetic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8

Substance-Related Mental Disorders Caffeine and Nicotine - Most addictive substances Sedatives or depressants – anti-anxiety Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9

Substance-Related Mental Disorders Amphetamines - releases epinepherine, leading to increased heart rate and other body systems Hallucinogens - psychedelic drugs Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10

Substance-Related Mental Disorders Narcotics - depressants primarily prescribed as analgesics Inhalants - legal substances including glue, nail polish, lighter fluid Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11

Organic Mental Disorders Physical cause Affects cognition and ability to think, remember, and make judgments May be temporary or permanent Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12

Organic Mental Disorders Dementia - deterioration of mental abilities due to physical changes in brain Delirium - acute condition from medications, alcohol, fever, or illness Alzheimer’s - progressive and irreversible form of dementia Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13

Psychosis Disintegration of one’s personality Impaired communication skills Inability to deal with life’s demands Delusions and hallucinations Schizophrenia - lose touch with reality, delusions Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14

Psychosis Delusional disorders Belief in a delusion in an otherwise normally adjusted and balanced personality Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15

Psychosis Types Grandiose Jealous Erotomanic Persecutory Somatic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16

Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions: Depression - prolonged feeling of extreme sadness or unhappiness, despair and discouragement Seasonal Affective Disorder - depressive condition during winter months Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17

Mood or Affective Disorders Involve emotions: Bipolar Disorder - depression in which extreme depression and mania occur Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18

Dissociative Disorders Changes in identity or consciousness Types Psychogenic amnesia Psychogenic fugue Depersonalization Multiple personality Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19

Anxiety Disorders Temporary response to stress but may become chronic Types Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Phobia disorder Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20

Anxiety Disorders Types Obsessive-Compulsive disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21

Somatoform Disorders Physical symptoms but no organic cause can be found Conversion - “hysterical neurosis” Hypochondriasis - abnormal anxiety about one’s body and health Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22

Somatoform Disorders Pain disorder Malingering Munchausen Syndrome Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23

Personality Disorders Personality disorders Paranoid Schizoid Antisocial Narcissistic Histrionic Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24

Sexual Disorders Sexual disorders Exhibitionism Fetishism Transvestic fetishism Frotteurism Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25

Sexual Disorders Sexual disorders Pedophilia Sexual sadism Sexual masochism Voyeurism Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26

Sleep Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Nightmare disorder Sleep terror Sleepwalking Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27

Trauma Grief - natural process of coping with loss Suicide - major concern with teenagers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28