Chapter 21 Alcohol Chapter 21 Vocabulary Alcoholism the

Chapter 21 Alcohol

Chapter 21 Vocabulary • Alcoholism – the state of being psychologically and physically addicted to alcohol • Ethanol – the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages • Fermentation – the chemical action of yeast on sugars • Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver • Cirrhosis – a condition in which healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue • Intoxication – being affected by alcohol • Withdrawal – the process of discontinuing a drug to which the body has become addicted • Depressant – a drug that slows the central nervous system

Chapter 21 Vocabulary • Fetal alcohol syndrome – a series of birth defects that can occur if a woman drinks during pregnancy • Blood alcohol level of. 02 – in most states, drivers under 21 are considered intoxicated at this level • BAL of. 321 – could cause coma and/or death • Intoxication – the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced • Blackout – a loss of memory due to too much drinking • Binge – a drinking spree • Blood alcohol level (BAL) – the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage • 12 steps – Alcoholics anonymous recovery method

Chapter 21 Vocabulary • Alcohol poisoning – a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose • Psychological dependence – a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally • Physiological dependence – a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug • Alcohol abuse – the excessive use of alcohol • Alcoholic – an addict who is dependent on alcohol • Recovery – the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life • Sobriety – living without alcohol

Warm-up • What do you think are some health consequences of alcohol addiction? • After warm-up complete chapter 16 vocabulary

21. 1 Alcohol • Alcohol or ethanol which is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverage is a powerful and addictive drug • Alcohol kills thousands of people every year and addicts millions more • It tears families apart and is involved in over half the violent crimes committed in the U. S • Alcohol is an illegal drug for people under 21 • In 1994 over 6, 000 people died in auto collisions in which teens were driving • Alcohol is dangerous because it changes the way that your body functions – These changes are unhealthy and can be very dangerous

21. 1 Short-term Effects of Alcohol is a depressant which slows the central nervous system Alcohol slows reaction time, impairs vision, and diminishes judgement Too much alcohol leads to intoxication Alcohol stays in a person’s system until the liver can metabolize it, or break it down • The amount of alcohol that can cause intoxication varies from person to person • •

21. 1 Short-term Effects of Alcohol • Factors that influence alcohol’s effects: – Body size – a smaller person feels the effects of the same amount of alcohol faster than a larger person does – Gender – Alcohol generally moves into the bloodstream faster in females, because females tend to have smaller bodies – Food in the stomach slows the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream – Rate of intake – If a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, the person becomes intoxicated – Amount – As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises – Medicine – Alcohol can interfere with the effects of medicines and medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

Short and Long-term Effects of Alcohol

21. 1 Long-Term Effects • Long-term Effects of Alcohol • Hepatitis – inflammation or infection of the liver that cause fever, a yellowing of the skin, weakness, and sometimes death • Cirrhosis – when liver cells are permanently replaced with useless scar tissue • People with cirrhosis who continue to drink have only about a 50 percent chance of living more than five years • Cause damage to the heart, increase blood pressure which increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke • Kills brain cells which cannot be replaced and reduction in brain size • If a person stops using alcohol, some of the physical effects can be reversed over time • It can damage relationships with family, friends, and others

21. 1 Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning • • • Alcohol severely damages judgment, reflexes, and vision Ways to minimize your risk of getting involved in a drunken-driving incident • Don’t drink • Don’t accept a ride with someone who has been drinking Binge Drinking – can cause death by alcohol poisoning • Alcohol is poison, if a person drinks enough at one time it can cause immediate death • Alcohol depresses nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex (which prevents choking). A fatal dose of alcohol will eventually stop these functions. • A BAL of. 4% is usually enough to cause coma and put a person on the verge of death • For a 140 lb person that’s about 15 -20 drinks in an hour • Binge drinking is a serious problem for teens and adults who take part in drinking games

21. 1 Long-Term Effects of Alcohol The Brain The Cardiovascular System The Digestive System The Pancreas Addiction Physical dependence can lead to the inability to control the frequency & amount of drinking Loss of brain functions - Loss of verbal skills visual and spatial skills, and memory Brain damagereduce brain size and memory Heart damage – the heart muscles become weakened and the heart becomes enlarged reducing its ability to pump blood. The damage can lead to heart failure. Reduced blood flow can also damage other body systems. High blood pressure – Damages the heart and can cause heart attack and stoke Irritation of digestive lining – can lead to stomach ulcers and cancer of the stomach and esophagus Fatty liver – fats build up in the liver and cannot be broken down, leading to cell death Alcohol hepatitis – inflammation or infection of liver Cirrhosis of liver Swelling of the pancreas lining – The passageway from the pancreas to the small intestine can become blocked, and chemicals needed for digestion cannot pass to the small intestine. The chemicals begin to destroy the pancreas itself causing pain and vomiting

21. 1 Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning • Effects of Alcohol Poisoning – Even when a person pass out from drinking alcohol that is in the stomach continues to enter the bloodstream, so person’s blood alcohol level will continue to rise which increase the risk of alcohol poisoning – Symptoms of alcohol poisoning include: • Mental confusion and stupor • Coma • Vomiting and seizures • Slow respiration – ten seconds between breaths or fewer than eight breaths per minute • Irregular heartbeat • Hypothermia or low body temperature – pale or bluish skin color • IF YOU SUSPECT A PERSON HAS ALCOHOL POISONING CALL 911

Warm-up • Make a Cause-and-Effect Concept Map – Draw a box around the phrase “Teen Alcohol Use” as shown here. Write at least four consequences of alcohol use, each in its own box. Connect the consequences boxes to the Teen Alcohol Use box as shown. Consequence 2 Alcohol Related Drownings Consequence 3 Teen Alcohol Use Consequence 4

21. 2 Alcohol Use • • • Alcohol use by responsible adults is legal People increase the risk of psychological (believes that a drug is needed) and/or physiological dependence (condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug) when using alcohol Factors that influence alcohol use • Peer pressure • Family • Media message - many people drink to fit a cool, glamorous, and sophisticated image Advertisements encourage drinking Some people think drinking will help them relax and be social Some drink to ease emotional pain Some teenagers are looking for something to help them forget their worries Teenagers drink to feel independent Teenagers drink to rebel or for excitement

21. 2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use • Alcohol and the law • Drinking under 21 is breaking the law except under special circumstances such as religious purposes • Drinking under 21 can lead to arrest, a fine, and even a criminal record • Driving under the influence is illegal for people of all ages Blood Alcohol Level’s Effect On Death Risk BAL Chance of Dying . 02 -. 04 1. 5 times as likely . 05 -. 09 11 times as likely . 10 -. 14 48 times as likely . 15 + 380 times as likely

21. 2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use • Alcohol and Violence – Avoid situation where alcohol is present – Fights are more likely to break out at parties where alcohol is used – Teens who drink are also more likely to be victims or perpetrators of violent crimes, such as rape, aggravated assault, and robbery • Alcohol and Sexual Activity – Alcohol impairs judgement and lowers inhibitions, and can cause a person to compromise his or her values – Teens who use alcohol are more likely to become sexually active at an earlier age and to engage in unprotected sexual activity – 23% of sexually active teens use alcohol or drugs before engaging in sexual activity – Increase risk of STD

21. 2 Health Risks of Alcohol Use • Alcohol and the Family – Parents may abuse children when under the influence – Increase risk of neglect, abuse, or social isolation – Risk of economic hardship – Teen risk personal use of alcohol themselves – Teenagers may feel as though it is their fault – Mental illness or physical problems – People who begin drinking as a teen is 4 times more likely to develop alcohol dependence that someone who waits until adulthood • Alcohol and School – Most schools have adopted a zero-tolerance policy for students found using alcohol on school property – Students could become ineligible or suspended – Placed in alternate education programs

21. 2 Avoiding Alcohol • Alcohol is addictive, and once you start drinking it may be difficult to stop • Teens who start drinking by 15 are five times more likely to become dependent on alcohol than people who do not start until 21 • Benefits of Living Alcohol Free – Maintaining a healthy body – avoid the damage alcohol can do to the brain and body organs – Establishing healthy relationships – You can be open and honest with family about your activities and habits – Making healthy decisions – You can make decisions that protect your health – Avoid risky behaviors – Reduce the risk of unhealthy choices like drinking and driving – Avoid illegal activities – avoid arrest and legal problems. Purchasing or possessing alcohol is against the law for anyone under 21

21. 2 Refusing Alcohol • An Alcohol-Free Life • People chose not to drink because they like being sober • Being drunk interferes with a lot of activities people enjoy • Being sober allows you to get the most out of things that make you happy • Saying No Thanks by being assertive and use refusal skills • When turning down a drink make it simple • Say “no thanks” • You don’t owe anyone any explanations • Saying no is a matter of self-esteem • Examples of refusal statements: • “I don’t like the taste. ” • “No thanks. I need to be in top shape for the game this week. ” • “I don’t drink alcohol. ”

A Drink at Home Assignment Zach is going to Karen’s house on Saturday to watch a couple of movies with friends. When Zach arrives at Karen’s house, he is surprised to find that many of the teens there are drinking beer. Karen sees him. “Hi, Zach. Do you want a beer? ” “Where did you get those? ” asks Zach. “Aren’t your parents home? ” “No, they’re not home. What they don’t know won’t hurt them, “says Karen. “come on, I’ll get you a beer. It’s no big deal. ” Zach has an agreement with his parents that he won’t drink alcohol. He knows his parents would not approve of him drinking. He doesn’t want his friends to think he’s not part of the crowd, but he knows he needs to make it clear that he is not going to drink. Class: Create a skit completing the dialogue between Zach and Karen. How can Zach refuse alcohol and still remain friends with Karen? Use the following refusal skills: 1. Say no in a firm voice 2. Explain why you are refusing 3. Suggest alternatives to the proposed activity 4. Back up your words with body language 5. Leave the situation if necessary Book p. 571 •

21. 3 The Impact of Alcohol Abuse • Alcohol and Driving • Driving and drinking can be dangerous and deadly • One-fifth of all teen drivers involved in fatal car accidents have a blood alcohol concentration of. 01% • BAL (Blood Alcohol Level) can be influenced by gender, body weight, amount of food in stomach, and rate of drinking • Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the following: • Slow reflexes • Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds • Increase in risk-taking behaviors • Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness

21. 3 Alcohol and Driving • Illustration of how the alcohol content varies in common alcoholic beverages • Comparing Beer, Wine, and Spirits or Liquor Each of these beverages contains the same amount of pure alcohol Drink Alcohol by Volume Alcohol Content Beer (12 oz. ) 4% 0. 5 oz. Wine (5 oz. ) 10% 0. 5 oz. Vodka or Whiskey (1. 25 oz. ) 40% 0. 5 oz.

21. 3 Driving While Intoxicated • Driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI), is illegal • The maximum BAC (blood-alcohol content) permissible by law in Georgia is. 08 percent for adults and. 02 for people under 18 • Adults of. 08 can be charged with drunk driving • People under 21 , there is no acceptable BAC, since it’s illegal to use alcohol. The consequences for DWI or DUI include – Injuries to or death of the driver and others – Arrest, jail time, court appearances and fine or bail, a police record, and possible lawsuits – Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of driver’s license – Higher auto insurance rates or a canceled insurance policy

21. 3 Alcohol and Pregnancy • When a pregnant woman drinks, every bit of the alcohol in her system passes into the bloodstream of her unborn child • Babies who are exposed to alcohol in this manner are at risk for suffering from a set of defects called fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) • These effects include: – Small head and deformities of face, hands, or feet – Heart, liver, and kidney defects – Vision and hearing problems – Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, and poor coordination – Difficulties learning and short attention span – Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal • The needed amount of alcohol is not known for FAS, so pregnant women are advised not to drink

21. 3 Alcoholism • Alcoholics are physically or psychologically dependent on alcohol. Symptoms include: – Craving – Feeling a strong need for alcohol to manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol – Loss of control – Inability to limit alcohol consumption – Physical dependence – Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety – Tolerance – A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects • Alcoholics – Alcoholics behavior vary – some are aggressive and violent, while others may become withdrawn – Research suggest alcoholism is partially due to genetics – Children of alcoholics are four times more likely to become alcoholics – Environment factors – family, friends, culture, peer pressure

13. 3 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism • Addiction Continued… – When addicted you put alcohol before everything else – People who are addicted claim they can quit anytime • Risk Factors for Alcoholism Risk Factors you Can’t Control Risk Factors you can Control Genes Drinking before 21 Environment Associating with people who drink Bending to peer pressure Drinking beyond moderation Drinking at inappropriate times Drinking alone

21. 3 Alcoholism • Stages of Alcoholism – 3 stages – abuse, dependence, and addiction – Stage 1 Abuse – Begins with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. The person may experience memory loss and blackouts, lie, or make excuses – Stage 2 Dependence – The person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol. Drinker tries to hid the problem, but performance at work, school, and home suffers – Stage 3 Addiction – The person is addicted. The liver may be already damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. If alcohol stops drinking he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms

21. 3 Treatment for Alcohol Abuse • Alcoholism can be treated by recovery or learning to live and alcoholfree life • Recovering alcoholics must make a lifelong commitment to sobriety or living without alcohol • Resources and programs available to help alcoholics, problem drinkers and their families: – Al-Anon and Alateen - Al-Anon is designed to help family members talk about the problems of living with an alcoholic – Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - 12 steps, AA host regular meetings and shared experience, One day at a time – Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) – provides education to prevent underage drinking – National Association for Children of Alcoholics – provides help for children of alcoholics – Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)

Any Questions?