Chapter 20 Listen to Jazz JAZZ New Orleans

Chapter 20 Listen to Jazz

JAZZ • New Orleans • African Rhythms • European Harmonies • Spirituals • Blending • Former African-American Slaves • Creole • European

JAZZ • Primary Characteristics • Improvisation • Syncopated rhythms (off-beats) • Standardized formal structures

JAZZ • Primary Characteristics • Improvisation • Syncopated rhythms (off-beats) • Standardized formal structures • A: Head • B: Improvisation • A: Head

JAZZ • Origins: Spiritual Prayer Meeting • Head • Improvisation (Preaching) • Interaction (Amen, etc. )

JAZZ • Musical Talk Show • Conversation (Bring up theme) • Discuss musical opinions • Conversation (Improvisation) • Can keep going and going • Make your case • Summarize themes Charlie Parker, Miles Davis: Donna Lee

RAGTIME • Term: Jazz: 1915 • Ragtime: • Jazz predecessor music • Scott Joplin (1867 -1917) • “Maple Leaf Rag” • Structure like a march • Syncopated rhythms

BLUES • Descended from songs of black slaves • Mournful nature • Early Blues Artists • Bessie Smith (1894 -1937) • Billie Holiday (1915 -1959)

BLUES • Standard Blues Chord Progression • I I IV IV I I • I = Tonic • V = Dominant • IV = Subdominant • Chuck Berry: Johnny B. Goode

BLUES • Bessie Smith (1894 -1937) • Trained by Ma Rainey • 1920’s • Recordings with: • Fletcher Henderson • Clarence Williams • Louis Armstrong (1901 -1971)

ST. LOUIS BLUES (1925) • Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong • • • Chart Meter: Duple Simple Swing Blues Progression (listen) Timbre: • Voice • Trumpet • Organ (chord progression)

DIXIELAND • Louis Armstrong (1901 -1971) • • • Arrested at 11 for delinquency Cornet to help his lungs Learned and worked with Joe “King” Oliver Chicago and New York Greatest improviser of his day

• Instrumentation • 5 Saxophones BIG BAND Composer/Arranger Increased Importance • 2 Alto Saxes • 2 Tenor Saxes • 1 Baritone Sax • • • 4 Trumpets 4 Trombones Drums Bass Piano Guitar Duke Ellington – Satin Doll

DUKE ELLINGTON (18991974) • Composer/Pianist • Made others sound great • Pioneer arranger for big band

IT DON’T MEAN A THING (IF IT AIN’T GOT THAT SWING) • Song defined the “Swing Era” • 32 Measure Song Form • • A (8 Bars) A’(8 Bars) B (8 Bars) A”(8 Bars) • Swing style • Swing Era (30’s through WWII)

• Reaction to the “whitening” of jazz • Return to the small combo • Charlie Parker (1920– 1955) • Dizzy Gillespie (1917– 1993) BEBOP

• By Miles Davis “DONNA LEE” • 16 measure head • Accompaniment interaction with soloists • Fast and driving • Comping

• Jazz: A music for connoisseurs? • Beginnings • Popularity • Becomes a specialty EVOLUTION

• 1950’s • • POST WORLD WAR II JAZZ Miles Davis John Coltrane Thelonius Monk Modern Jazz Quartet

• 1960’s – 1980’s POST WORLD WAR II JAZZ • Free Jazz – Ornette Coleman • Fusion • • Miles Davis Herbie Hancock Chick Corea Wayne Shorter Joe Zawinul Pat Matheny Carlos Santana

• Today POST WORLD WAR II JAZZ • Wynton Marsalis • Jazz at the Lincoln Center