Chapter 20 Distributed Multimedia Systems Distributed Systems Concepts

Chapter 20: Distributed Multimedia Systems Distributed Systems : Concepts and Design Dr. Ir. H. Sumijan, M. Sc Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 1 A distributed multimedia system Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 2 Characteristics of typical multimedia streams Data rate (approximate) Sample or frame size frequency Telephone speech 64 kbps 8 bits 8000/sec CD-quality sound 1. 4 Mbps 16 bits 44, 000/sec Standard TV video 120 Mbps up to 640 x 480 24/sec (uncompressed) pixels x 16 bits Standard TV video 1. 5 Mbps variable 24/sec (MPEG-1 compressed) HDTV video 1000– 3000 Mbps up to 1920 x 1080 24– 60/sec (uncompressed) pixels x 24 bits HDTV video 10– 30 Mbps variable 24– 60/sec MPEG-2 compressed) Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 3 Typical infrastructure components for multimedia applications Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 4 Qo. S specifications for components of the application shown in Figure 20. 3 Component Bandwidth Latency Out: 10 frames/sec, raw video Camera 640 x 480 x 16 bits A Codec In: 10 frames/sec, raw video. Interactive Out: MPEG-1 stream B Mixer In: 2 44 kbps audio Interactive Out: 1 44 kbps audio H Window In: various Interactive system Out: 50 frame/sec framebuffer K Network In/Out: MPEG-1 stream, approx. Interactive connection 1. 5 Mbps L Network In/Out: Audio 44 kbps Interactive connection Loss rate Resources required Zero Low 10 ms CPU each 100 ms; 10 Mbytes RAM Very low 1 ms CPU each 100 ms; 1 Mbytes RAM Low 5 ms CPU each 100 ms; 5 Mbytes RAM Low 1. 5 Mbps, low-loss stream protocol Very low 44 kbps, very low-loss stream protocol Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 5 The Qo. S manager’s task Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 6 Traffic shaping algorithms (a) Leaky bucket (b) Token bucket Token generator Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 7 The RFC 1363 Flow Spec Protocol version Maximum transmission unit Bandwidth: Token bucket rate Token bucket size Maximum transmission rate Delay: Minimum delay noticed Maximum delay variation Loss sensitivity Loss: Burst loss sensitivity Loss interval Quality of guarantee Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 8 Filtering Source Targets High bandwidth Medium bandwidth Low bandwidth Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 9 Tiger video file server hardware configuration Controller low-bandwidth network 0 n+1 Cub 0 1 n+2 Cub 1 2 n+3 Cub 2 3 n+4 Cub 3 n 2 n+1 Cub n high-bandwidth ATM switching network video distribution to clients Start/Stop requests from clients Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 10 Tiger schedule 2 block play time T block service time t 1 0 slot 1 slot 2 slot 3 slot 4 slot 5 slot 6 slot 7 viewer 4 free viewer 0 viewer 3 viewer 2 free viewer 1 state state Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 11 Bit. Torrent Terminology Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 12 Approaches to real-time video streaming Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012

Figure 20. 13 An example tree in ESM Coulouris G. et al, 2012 : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (5 th Edition) 5 th Edition, Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012