CHAPTER 2 THE MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDS CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2 THE MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDS CHAPTER 2 NOTES

TURKS MOVE INTO BYZANTIUM • MANY ANATOLIAN TURKS SAW THEMSELVES AS GHAZIS (WARRIORS FOR ISLAM) • FORMED MILITARY SOCIETIES • LIVED UNDER AN ISLAMIC CODE OF CONDUCT • RAIDED TERRITORIES OF FRONTIERS OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• MOST SUCCESSFUL GHAZI WAS OSMAN. PEOPLE IN THE WEST CALLED HIMOTHMAN. • HIS FOLLOWERS WERE CALLED______? • BUILT SMALL MUSLIM STATE IN ANATOLIA • LAND WAS EXPANDED BUYING, SETTLING, AND CONQUERING • MILITARY SUCCESS BASED ON GUNPOWDER (MUSKET) • AMONG FIRST PEOPLE TO USE CANNONS

• SECOND OTTOMAN LEADER ORKHAN 1, DECLARED HIMSELF SULTAN, MEANING OVERLORD OR ONE WITH POWER. • IN 1361 THEOTTOMANS CAPTURED ADRIANOPLE THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT CITY IN THEBYZANTINE EMPIRE • OTTOMANS RULED SMARTLY. DID SO THROUGH LOCAL OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY SULTAN WHICH IMPROVED THE LIVES OF PEASANTS. • HAD TO SERVE IN TURKISH ARMIES AND MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS (REQUIRED BY FAITH) • NON MUSLIMS DID NOT HAVE TO SERVE IN ARMY BUT PAID A SMALL EXEMPTION TAX.

• TIMUR THE LAME A REBELLIOUS WARRIOR AND CONQUEROR FROM SAMARKAND IN CENTRAL ASIA. • CALLED THIS BECAUSE OF ARROW IN HIS LEG INJURY • HE BURNED BAGHDAD TO THE GROUND • DEFEATED MANY OTTOMAN FORCES AND HALTED EXPANSION FOR SEVERAL YEARS

• TIMUR TURNED ATTENTION TO CHINA • THIS CAUSED WAR TO BREAK OUT AMONG 4 SONS OF OTTOMAN SULTAN • MEHMED 1 BEAT BROTHERS AND TOOK THRONE. HIS SON MURAD 2 WILL BECOME 1 OF THE 4 MOST POWERFUL SULTANS TO EVER LIVE. • HIS SON MEHMED 2 CONQUERED CONSTANTINOPLE FIRST TO DO SO! 7 WEEK BATTLE. • DRAGGED SHIPS OVER HILL TO OTHER SIDE OF THE CITY THEN SANDWICHED THE CITY!

SULEIMAN THE LAWGIVER • SULEIMAN WAS KNOWN AS SULEIMAN THE GREAT! KNOW AS AMAZING MILITARY LEADER. • WENT DOWN AFRICA CAPTURING COSTAL CITY AFTER CITY • EVENTUALLY TURNED EYES TO EUROPE AND PUSHED ALL THE WAY INTO AUSTRIA. • BECOME MOST POWERFUL MONARCH ON EARTH. • CHARLES 5 TH ONLY LARGE RIVAL

• CREATED A LAW CODE TO HELP THOSE THROUGH CRIMINAL AND CIVIL ISSUES. • SIMPLIFIED AND LIMITED TAXES. • IMPROVED OVERALL LIVES OF CONQUERED PEOPLE • THE SULTANS 20, 000 PERSONAL SLAVES STAFFED HIS PALACE BUREAUCRACY • HE ESTABLISHED THE IDEA OFDEVSHIRME – DRAFTING CONQUERED CHRISTIANS INTO HIS PERSONAL ARMY/GUARD. • CONVERTED THEM TO ISLAM • TRAINED THEM TO BE ASSASSINS

• CREATED 30, 000 OF THESE ELITE ASSASINS CALLED JANISSARIES • ALL THESE GOT EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND A PERFECT LIFE. • BUT HAD SWORN OATH OF LOYALTY TOSULTAN

CULTURAL FLOWERING • STUDIED ALL THE LIBERAL ARTS • EMPLOYED ARCHITECTS TO BUILD BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS • CREATED SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BATH HOUSES, LIBRARIES, AND HOUSING. • HE INSPIRED PAINTERS AND ARTISTS.

DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE • HE KILLED ONE OF HIS SONS • DROVE ANOTHER SON INTO EXILE • GAVE HIS INCOMPETENT THIRD SONSELIM 2 THE THRONE • BECAME CUSTOMARY FOR EACH NEW SULTAN TO HAVE HIS BROTHERS STRANGLED • KEEP SONS IMPRISONED AND CUT OFF FROM THE WORLD