Chapter 2 The Invasion and Settlement of North

Chapter 2: The Invasion and Settlement of North America

European Exploration and Settlement ► New Spain ► New France ► New Netherland ► English Colonies

Spanish Explorers ► Gold ► Glory ► God ► St. Augustine 1585, Santa Fe 1610

Pope’ and the Pueblo Revolt ► Pueblo population reduced from 60, 000 to 17, 000 ► Pope’ calls for expulsion of Spaniards and “return to laws of their ancients” ► 1680 – execution of 400 Spaniards 1500 more flee ► Spanish regain control within 10 years

New France ► Quebec 1607

French Explorers ► Champlain ► Marquette and Joliet ► De La Salle ► “Louisiana”

► Iroquois Confederacy ► Jesuit Missions ► Fur Trade

New Netherland ► Henry Hudson ► Fort Orange (Albany) 1621 ► New Amsterdam, 1624 – New York, 1664

Chesapeake Tidewater ► Roanoke 1585 ► Jamestown – 1607 § John Smith § Tobacco § Pocahontas / John Rolfe § Starving time § Powhatan

Maryland ► Cecilius Calvert – Lord Baltimore ► Refuge for Catholics ► Tobacco

► Soil exhaustion

Labor ► Natives ► Indentured servitude ► African slaves

Bacon’s Rebellion ► Wanted increased protection from Indians ► Marched on Jamestown, attempted to arrest Gov. William Berkeley ► 1 st armed resistance to English rule

New England ► Pilgrims/Plymouth Colony 1620 ► Mayflower Compact – self government

► Massasoit ► Squanto ► Myles Standish ► John Carver ► John Bradford

Mass Bay Colony ► John Winthrop ► Boston 1630 ► “City upon a hill” ► Puritan beliefs § The elect § Predestination

Political Dissent

► Anne Hutchinson ► Mary Dyer ► Roger Williams

Salem Witch Trials

► Accused by minister’s daughter ► Confesses – why confess?

Witch Hunt ► Motivated by fear ► Scapegoats ► Financial/political gain – power ► Guilt by association ► Questionable evidence

► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Hanged on June 10 Bridget Bishop, Salem Hanged on July 19 Sarah Good, Salem Village Rebecca Nurse, Salem Village Susannah Martin, Amesbury Elizabeth How, Ipswich Sarah Wilds, Topsfield Hanged on August 19 George Burroughs, Wells, Maine John Proctor, Salem Village John Willard, Salem Village George Jacobs, Sr. , Salem Town Martha Carrier, Andover September 19 Giles Corey, Salem Farms, pressed to death Hanged on September 22 Martha Corey, Salem Farms Mary Eastey, Topsfield Alice Parker, Salem Town Ann Pudeater, Salem Town Margaret Scott, Rowley Wilmott Reed, Marblehead Samuel Wardwell, Andover Mary Parker, Andover Other accused witches that were not hanged, but died in prison: Sarah Osborne, Salem Village Roger Toothaker, Billerica Lyndia Dustin, Reading Ann Foster, Andover Thirteen others may have also died in prison, but sources conflict on the exact number.

Democracy in NE ► Town meeting

King Philip’s War (Metacom’s Rebellion) ► 1675 -1676 ► Destroyed 20% of English villages ► 5% of the adult population