Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and

Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Word Parts • • Aden/o Adip/o Anter/o Caud/o Cephal/o Cyt/o Endo © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Word Parts • • Exo Hist/o Ologist Ology Path/o Plasia Poster/o Stasis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Anatomic Reference Systems • Describe the location and functions of body parts using: – – Body planes Body directions Body cavities Structural units © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Anatomical Position • Standing up straight so that the body is erect & facing forward. • Holding arms at sides with the palms of hands facing forward. © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Body Planes • Imaginary lines used to divide the body into sections. – – Midsagittal Sagittal Frontal/coronal Transverse © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Body Directions • • • Ventral/anterior Dorsal/posterior Superior Inferior Cephalic Caudal Proximal Distal Medial Lateral © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Major Body Cavities • • Dorsal Cranial Spinal Ventral Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Major Body Cavities © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen • • • Hypochondriac Epigastric Lumbar Umbilical Iliac hypogastric © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Quadrants of the Abdomen • • RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Quadrants of the Abdomen © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Cytology • The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells, including: – Chromosomes – DNA – Genetics © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Histology • The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions, including: – – Stem Cells Epithelial Tissues Connective Tissues Muscle Tissue © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Glands • Specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body, including: – Exocrine Glands – Endocrine Glands © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Organ and Body Systems • Body parts are organized into systems according to function. • Examples: – Skeletal System – Muscular System – Cardiovascular System © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Pathology • The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease. © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Disease Transmission • • • Communicable Indirect Bloodborne Airborne food-borne Vector-borne © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Outbreaks of Diseases • • Epidemiologist Endemic Epidemic Pandemic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Types of Diseases • • • Functional disorder Iatrogenic illness Idiopathic disorder Infectious Nosocomial Organic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Congenital Disorders • Congenital • Developmental • Atresia © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Aging • Geriatrics/gerontology • gerontologist © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Career Opportunities • • Medical Assistant MNA/CNA RN LPN NP PA Medical Translator © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Student Workbook Learning Exercises Answer Key © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 2 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 2. 1. adip/o 2. 2. anter/o 2. 3. aden/o 2. 4. -ologist 2. 5. -ology © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Matching Word Parts 2 2. 6. cyt/o 2. 7. cephal/o 2. 8. caud/o 2. 9. exo 2. 10. endo-

Chapter 2 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 2. 11. poster/o 2. 12. -stasis 2. 13. path/o 2. 14. -plasia 2. 15. hist/o © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Definitions 2. 16. nosocomial infection 2. 17. dominant gene 2. 18. abdominal cavity 2. 19. medial 2. 20. adult stem

Chapter 2 Answers Definitions 2. 21. phenylketonuria 2. 22. adenitis 2. 23. parietal peritoneum 2. 24. gene 2. 25. histology © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Matching Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen 2. 26. epigastric region 2. 27. umbilicus region 2. 28. hypochondriac region 2. 29. hypogastric region 2. 30. iliac region

Chapter 2 Answers Which Word? 2. 31. inguinal 2. 32. genetics 2. 33. epidemiologist 2. 34. exocrine glands 2. 35. inferior © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Spelling Counts 2. 36. mesentery 2. 37. hemophilia 2. 38. hypertrophy 2. 39. epithelial 2. 40. anomaly

Chapter 2 Answers Matching Pathology of Tissue Formation 2. 41. dysplasia 2. 42. anaplasia 2. 43. hyperplasia 2. 44. hypoplasia 2. 45. aplasia © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Term Selection 2. 46. proximal 2. 47. posterior 2. 48. frontal 2. 49. midsagittal 2. 50. distal

Chapter 2 Answers Sentence Completion 2. 51. Down syndrome 2. 52. physiology 2. 53. thoracic 2. 54. iatrogenic 2. 55. chromosomes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Word Surgery 2. 56. aden, -ectomy 2. 57. endo-, -crine 2. 58. hist, -ologist 2. 59. retro-, periton, -eal 2. 60. path, -ologist

Chapter 2 Answers Word Surgery 2. 61. eti-, -ology 2. 62. home/o -stasis 2. 63. pan-, dem, -ic 2. 64. epi-, gastr, -ic 2. 65. idi/o, path, -ic © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Clinical Conditions 2. 66. epidemic 2. 67. functional 2. 68. bloodborne 2. 69. cytology 2. 70. vector-borne

Chapter 2 Answers Clinical Conditions 2. 71. quadrant 2. 72. waterborne 2. 73. pelvic 2. 74. peritonitis 2. 75. geneticist © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2. 76. iliac 2. 77. genome 2. 78. adenocarcinoma 2. 79. loose 2. 80. fetal alcohol syndrome

Chapter 2 Answers Challenge Word Building 2. 81. myoplasty 2. 82. myalgia 2. 83. gastrosis 2. 84. laryngitis 2. 85. myectomy © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2. 86. gastralgia 2. 87. laryngectomy 2. 88. nephrosis 2. 89. neuroplasty 2. 90. nephritis

Chapter 2 Answers Labeling Exercises 2. 91. hypochondriac 2. 92. umbilical 2. 93. hypogastric 2. 94. lumbar 2. 95. iliac © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2. 96. midsagittal 2. 97. anterior 2. 98. lateral 2. 99. posterior 2. 100. frontal