CHAPTER 2 THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION VOCABULARY CIVILIZATION

CHAPTER 2 • THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION VOCABULARY

CIVILIZATION • A SOCIETY OF PEOPLE WITH THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: A GOVERNMENT, SPECIALIZED JOBS, CITIES, SOCIAL CLASSES, AND A SIMILAR CULTURE (FOR EXAMPLE, ART, WRITING, BUILDING STYLES)

ECONOMY • THE WHOLE SYSTEM OF HOW GOODS ARE MADE, BOUGHT, AND SOLD IN A COUNTRY OR REGION

HYGIENE • THE THINGS YOU DO TO KEEP YOURSELF AND YOUR SURROUNDINGS CLEAN

IRRIGATION • THE PROCESS OF BRINGING WATER TO AREAS OF LAND USING MAN-MADE MEANS, SUCH AS PIPES OR CANALS

RITUAL • AN ACTION OR SERIES OF ACTIONS THAT ARE ALWAYS DONE IN THE SAME WAY

SILT • SAND, SOIL, AND MUD THAT IS CARRIED BY WATER AND THAT SINKS TO THE BOTTOM OF A RIVER, LAKE, ETC.

SURPLUS • AN AMOUNT THAT IS MORE THAN THE AMOUNT NEEDED

TRIBUTARY • A STREAM OR SMALL BODY OF WATER THAT FLOWS INTO A LARGER BODY OF WATER, SUCH AS A RIVER OR LAKE

CITY-STATE • A CITY WITH ITS OWN GOVERNMENT; INCLUDES THE CITY AND THE AREA AROUND IT

DROUGHT • A LONG PERIOD OF TIME WITH LITTLE TO NO RAIN

EMPIRE • A GROUP OF REGIONS OR COUNTRIES RULED BY ONE PERSON OR GOVERNMENT

EPIC • A LONG POEM THAT DESCRIBES THE ADVENTURES OF A HERO

FERTILE • ABLE TO SUPPORT THE GROWTH OF MANY PLANTS AND CROPS

POLYTHEISM • THE BELIEF IN MORE THAN ONE GOD

SPECIALIZE • TO BECOME VERY SKILLED IN ONE PARTICULAR TASK OR JOB

THEOCRACY • A FORM OF GOVERNMENT WHERE PEOPLE ARE RULED BY RELIGIOUS LEADERS

AFTERLIFE • A LIFE THAT SOME BELIEVE BEGINS AFTER WE DIE

DELTA • A TRIANGLESHAPED AREA OF LAND WHERE A RIVER SPLITS INTO MANY SMALLER RIVERS FLOWING INTO THE OCEAN

DOWRY • A GFT PAID BY THE FAMILY OF THE BRIDE TO THE GROOM BEFORE THEY MARRY

DYNASTY • A FAMILY OR GROUP OF RULERS WHO RULE A COUNTRY OR REGION FOR A LONG TIME

ERA • A PERIOD OF TIME LINKED WITH A CERTAIN EVENT, CHARACTERISTIC OR PERSON

HEIR • A PERSON WHO BECOMES THE NEXT KING OR QUEEN AFTER THE OLD RULER DIES

SCRIBE • SOMEONE WHOSE JOB IS TO WRITE THE WORDS SPOKEN BY PEOPLE AND TO COPY THE WORDS FOUND IN OTHER DOCUMENTS

TOMB • A BUILDING OR CHAMBER ABOVE OR BELOW GROUND WHERE A DEAD BODY IS KEPT

HOW MANY MINUTES A DAY? • 10 MINUTES • EVERYDAY!