CHAPTER 2 SETTLING THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Chapter 2

CHAPTER 2 SETTLING THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Reasons for English Colonization • economic freedom • political freedom • religious freedom • adventure pp. 16 -19

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16 -19 • Financial Support • joint-stock companies: companies in which the risks and rewards of a venture are shared with investors • Virginia Company: one of the best known joint-stock companies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16 -19 • Colony Organization • charter colonies: founded by a charter containing the rules governing where the colony would be located and how it would be administered

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king • royal (crown) colonies: controlled directly by the crown pp. 16 -19

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Physical Hardships • ocean passage • food and shelter • Indians pp. 16 -19

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 The New England colonies were settled by those seeking religious freedom.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • Groups Opposing the Church of England • Puritans: wanted to purify the Church of England • Separatists: wanted to separate from the Church of England

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies p. 19

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • Plymouth Colony • a group of Separatists • moved to Leiden, Holland for religious freedom • later decided to move to the New World • known today as the Pilgrims

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • financing • English businessmen financed the Pilgrims’ venture in exchange for their profits. pp. 19 -26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • challenges of the voyage • unseaworthy ship (Speedwell) • storms • landed hundreds of miles north of Virginia

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Mayflower Compact • first document to provide for selfgovernment in the New World • Indians • Samoset: the first to greet the English • Squanto: befriended the Pilgrims and helped them survive pp. 19 -26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • William Bradford • governor of Plymouth Colony pp. 19 -26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success • learned from Jamestown’s experience • used to hard work • motivation

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 The Puritan attempt to reform the church from within had little success.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • Massachusetts Bay • establishment • “a city set upon a hill”: They desired their colony to be an example to the world. • John Winthrop: first governor

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • “the Great Migration”: growth during the 1630 s in which over 15, 000 people came to the colony

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • government • freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony • General Court: representative body • believed in a strong relationship between church and state

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Rhode Island • founded by Roger Williams • exiled by Massachusetts Bay in 1635 • became first colony to guarantee religious freedom pp. 19 -26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19 -26 • Connecticut • founded by Thomas Hooker • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639: first written constitution in America

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • New Hampshire • founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts • became a royal colony pp. 19 -26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies p. 26

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 New England was settled primarily by the English, who shared a common heritage. Several of the middle colonies, however, were influenced first by other nations.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • New Netherland (New York) • Henry Hudson: explored modern day New York, allowing the Dutch to claim the region

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • mercantilism: an economic system that measures wealth by the amount of gold and silver a nation possesses • Peter Minuit: governor of the colony responsible for buying Manhattan from the Indians

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • patroons: recipients of large land grants for bringing fifty settlers to the New World • Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • Duke of York: given New Netherland by the English monarch (based on John Cabot’s earlier claim)

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • New Jersey • given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by the Duke of York • promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Pennsylvania • William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) • Quakers • beliefs: pacifists, human equality, “inner light” pp. 26 -29

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers • Philadelphia (“city of brotherly love”): capital

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26 -29 • Delaware • at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) • New Sweden: originally settled by the Swedes

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30 -32 The five southern colonies developed differently from the middle colonies and New England. They had warmer climates, single-crop economies, and slave labor systems.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies p. 30

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Virginia • tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop • became a royal colony pp. 30 -32

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30 -32 • Maryland • Cecilius Calvert: founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30 -32 • Act of Toleration: guaranteed religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity • first written law guaranteeing religious freedom in the colonies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30 -32 • The Carolinas • Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory • 1712: divided into north and south

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30 -32 • cash crops • North Carolina: tobacco • South Carolina: rice and indigo (made blue dye)

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies • Georgia • founded by James Oglethorpe • purpose • debtor colony • buffer zone with Spanish Florida pp. 30 -32